Physical Layer

Physical Layer
Network Monitoring: Delay, Latency, Throughput
- The delay of a network specifies how long it takes for a bit of data to travel across the n...}

Physical Layer
Transmission media: Twisted pair, Coaxial, Fiber optic, Line-of-site, Satellite
- In Twisted pair cable, twists reduce the cable’s sensitivity to outside EMI.

Physical Layer
Multiplexing, Circuit Switching, Packet Switching, VC Switching, Telecommunication Switching System (Networking of Telephone Exchanges)
Circuit Switching creats a physical path through which all the data are send.
In packet sw...}

Physical Layer
ISDN: Architecture, Interface, and Signaling
ISDN allows digital signals to be transmitted over existing telephone wiring.
The ISDN Bas...}