ISDN: Architecture, Interface, and Signaling

ISDN allows digital signals to be transmitted over existing telephone wiring. The component which are not compatible with ISDN requires TA which converts signals so, non-ISDN devices can use ISDN. ISDN provides Basic rate Interface service and Primary Rate Interface.

Summary

ISDN allows digital signals to be transmitted over existing telephone wiring. The component which are not compatible with ISDN requires TA which converts signals so, non-ISDN devices can use ISDN. ISDN provides Basic rate Interface service and Primary Rate Interface.

Things to Remember

ISDN allows digital signals to be transmitted over existing telephone wiring.

The ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) service offers two B channels and one D channel (2B+D).

The ISDN PRI services used 23 B channel accesses and used the 24th D channel for signaling purpose.

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Subjective Questions

Q1: What are the major elements for the development of the
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Answer: Mutual understandings and respect for another are the major elements for the development of the society.

Q2: society?
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Answer: major elements for the development of the society.

Q3: What is a backbone of every society ?
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Answer: Civilization is the backbone of every society.

Q4: Nepal is divided into how many castes ?
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Answer: Nepal is divided into four castes.

Q5: Why society plays a vital role ?
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Answer: Society plays a vital role to develop human civilization.

Q6: On what basis we should act ?
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Answer: We should act on the basis of the principle of equality.

Q7: What is good social behaviour ?
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Answer: On the basis of skin color and their race, no system of untouchability are meant to be followed.We should learn to respect all equally and it is called good social behavior.

Q8: What evil concept are prevalent in our society?How can we get rid of them ?
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Answer: We must remove evil concept related to superiority and inferiority in order to place all people in the same level.To get rid of them we must respect other people,their religion,caste, race, and culture.And also touchable and untouchable should be abolished.

Q9: Man and woman are two whees of a chart.Explain.
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Answer: Yes, it is true that man and women are two wheels of a chart.Discrimination against son and daughter, man and women is a great crime.Here, women also can work better than men if they are given suitable opportunities.Society can not developed well with out participation of both men and women.We need to learn to respect both men and women equally.It leads to the balance development of our society.We should support and encourage women in their each and every steps.Men and women are two weels of a cart called society.

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ISDN: Architecture, Interface, and Signaling

ISDN: Architecture, Interface, and Signaling

ISDN

The traditional PSTN used an analog connection for communicating between the customer premises and the local exchange, also known as the local loop. The analog circuits cause the limitations on the bandwidth in the local loop.So, ISDN was developed with the intention of creating a totally digital network. ISDN technology allows digital signals to be sent over existing telephone line. It can transfer many types of network traffics like voice, data, video, graphic, etc.

Fig: ISDN
Fig: ISDN

ISDN Components

TE1 - Device compatible with ISDN network, connects to NT2
TE2 - Device not compatible with ISDN requires TA
TA - (terminal Adapter) Converts signals so, non-ISDN devices can use ISDN
NT1 - Connects 4-wire ISDN to 2-wire local loop
NT2 - Directs traffic to and from different subscriber devices and NT1

ISDN Reference Points

R: References the connection between a non-ISDN compatible device Terminal Equipment type 2 (TE2) and a Terminal Adapter (TA), for example, an RS-232 serial interface.
S: References the points that connect into the customer switching device Network Termination type 2 (NT2) and enables calls between the various types of customer premises equipment.
T: Electrically identical to the S interface, it references the outbound connection from the NT2 to the ISDN network or Network Termination type 1 (NT1).
U: References the connection between the NT1 and the ISDN network owned by the telephone company.

ISDN Services

  • BRI: The ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) service offers two B channels and one D channel (2B+D). Each BRI B channel operates at 64 kbps and is meant to carry user data. The BRI D channel operates at 16 kbps and is meant to carry control and signaling information, although it can support user data transmission under certain circumstances.
  • PRI: PRI stands for Primary Rate Interface. The bandwidth is divided into 24 64KB channels. The ISDN PRI services used 23 B channel accesses and used the 24th D channel for signaling purpose.

Reference:

  • A Simon & Schuster Company. "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)." Www.cisco.com. A Simon & Schuster Company, n.d. Web. 17 June 2016. <http://www.cisco.com/cpress/cc/td/cpress/fund/ith2nd/it2412.htm>.
  • ."ISDN CONFIGURATION ON DATA CENTER ROUTER" Point.ro. Web. 17 June 2016. <http://www.point.ro/sem4/isdn.htm>.

Lesson

Physical Layer

Subject

Computer Engineering

Grade

Engineering

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