Introduction to SQL

• SQL stands for Structured Query language and is an ANSI (American Natoinal Standards Instit...}
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Features of SQL

Features of SQL

• SQL is an ANSI and ISO standard computer language for creating and...}
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Queries and Sub-Queries

• A query is an operation that retrieves data from one or more tables. A query is used to ext...}
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Set Operations

• The set operations that SQL allows to be performed on a table data in database are union, i...}
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Relations (Joined, Derived)

• Join operations take two relations and return another relation as result. These additional...}
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Queries under DDL and DML commands

• DDL stands for Data Definition Language and syntax for creating a table is: CREATE TAB...}
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Embedded SQL

• The SQL standard defines embedding of SQL in a variety of programming languages such as C,...}
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VIEWS

1. A view is a logical or virtual table which does not exist physically in the database. V...}

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Relational Algebra

• Relational algebra is the basic set of operations for the relational model. Relational Alge...}
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Database Modification

• Modification of the database includes insertion, delete and update.
• Insert stateme...}
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QBE and Domain Relational Calculus

• QBE is an abbreviation for Query-By-Example. It was developed at IBM in the early 1970&rsqu...}
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