Crack initiation and propagation

1. Stages of crack propagation

Stage 1: crack is initially propagate slowly along the plan...}

Energy bands on crack

1.

$$\sigma_c=\sqrt\frac{2E\gamma_s}{\pi a}$$

2. Types of materials

brittle&...}

Fundamentals of fractures

1. Different mode of formation of fracture 

1. Necking
2. Formation of micro...}
   Akshamala