Concept of Environmental Science

• A system is a delineated part of the universe which is distinguished from the rest by an im...}
  Akshamala

Definitions and Scope of Environment

• ‘The term environment is used to describe, in the aggregate, all the external forces,...}
  Akshamala

Ecology and Ecosystem

• The study of the structure and function of nature (Odum 1971).
• The study of intera...}
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Ecological Hierarchy, History and Scope of Ecology

Grassland Ecosystem:

• These are the communities with limited moisture or water conten...}
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Types of Ecology and Food Chain, Food Web and Trophic Level.

• Consumer may be higher plants or animals. They take the energy or nutrients from a producer...}
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Energy , Evolution of Biosphere and Natural Strategy

• “Energy” is defined as the capacity of doing work. Biological activities requir...}
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Components, Factor, Function Properties, Types of Ecosystem and Biome

• An ecosystem has two major components: biotic and abiotic.
• From a trophic standpoi...}
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Characteristics of Forest , Tropical Forest, and Grassland Ecosystem

• Decomposer is important in ecosystem since they take an important part in biogeochemical cy...}
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Characteristics of Pond, Arid (Desert), Wetland Ecosystem in Nepal

• The group of organisms interacting among themselves and with their environment in the pond...}
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Food Chain and Food Web

• A balance system is essential for the survival of all living organisms of the system. For i...}
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Concept of Limiting Factors and Cycling of Organic Nutrients

• Heterotrophs and Autotrophs as well as algae, also require vitamins and other nutrients whi...}
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Trophic Structure and Ecological Pyramid, Nutrient cycles

• Trophic structure is the interaction of the food chain phenomena and the size metabolism&nb...}
  Akshamala