Customers-Concept and Classification of buyers
Buyers are the central point in the market whatever the activities are performed they are performed for their satisfaction. It is very important aspects of the market. A person or an institution that purchase goods or service is called buyer. The buyers can be basically classified into two types and they are -Individual or Non-Institutional Buyers -Institutional Buyers
Summary
Buyers are the central point in the market whatever the activities are performed they are performed for their satisfaction. It is very important aspects of the market. A person or an institution that purchase goods or service is called buyer. The buyers can be basically classified into two types and they are -Individual or Non-Institutional Buyers -Institutional Buyers
Things to Remember
- Buyers are the central point whatever the activities are performed in the market.
- A person who contracts with a seller with the intention of buying the goods and services for the individual consumption or for the consumption of other persons is called Non-Institutional Buyers.
- Those institutions who purchase products for institutional use are called institutional buyers.
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Subjective Questions
Q1:
What does the term suicide means ?
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
Q2:
What are the Causes of sucide ?
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<li>Genetic factors (based on research):</li>
<li>5 to 3 times more suicidal behavior occurs in individuals who are first-degree relatives of people with mood disorders / depression / who had made a suicide attempt.</li>
<li>More common in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins.</li>
<li>Biological factors:</li>
<li>Usually due to chronic diseases / medical conditions, for example:</li>
<li>Stroke</li>
<li>Disorders / cognitive impairment (dementia)</li>
<li>Diabetes</li>
<li>Coronary artery disease</li>
<li>Cancer</li>
<li>HIV / AIDS</li>
<li>Psychosocial and Environmental Factors:</li>
<li>Theories Psychoanalytic / psychodynamic: Theory Freud, namely that the lost object associated with aggression and anger, negative feelings about themselves, and the last depression.</li>
<li>Cognitive Behavioral Theory: Theory Beck, the growing negative cognitive patterns, low self-regard</li>
<li>Environmental stressors: loss of family, deception, lack of social support systems.</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
Q3:
Write the treatment and nursing management of sucide ?
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
<ul>
<li>In psychotherapy, also called psychological counseling or talk therapy, you explore the issues that make you feel suicidal and learn skills to help manage emotions more effectively. You and your therapist can work together to develop a treatment plan and goals.</li>
<li>Antidepressants, antipsychotic medications, anti-anxiety medications and other medications for mental illness can help reduce symptoms, which can help you feel less suicidal.</li>
<li>Addiction treatment. Treatment for drug or alcohol addiction can include detoxification, addiction treatment programs, and self-help group meetings.</li>
<li>Family support and education. Your loved ones can be both a source of support and conflict. Involving them in treatment can help them understand what you're going through, give them better coping skills, and improve family communication and relationships.</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p>Nursing management</p>
<ul>
<li>Establish a therapeutic relationship with client</li>
<li>This study demonstrated the importance of this relationship in identifying and preventing suicide (Rudd et al, 2000).</li>
<li>Monitor, document, and report client's potential for suicide.</li>
<li>Be alert for warning signs of suicide:</li>
<li>Verbalizations such as, "I can't go on,"Nothing matters anymore,"I wish I were dead"</li>
<li>Becoming depressed or withdrawn</li>
<li>Behaving recklessly</li>
<li>Getting affairs in order and giving away valued possessions</li>
<li>Showing a marked change in behavior, attitudes, or appearance</li>
<li>Abusing drugs or alcohol</li>
<li>Suffering a major loss or life change</li>
<li>Assess for suicidal ideation when the history reveals:</li>
<li>Depression</li>
<li>Alcohol or other drug abuse</li>
<li>Other psychiatric disorder</li>
<li>Attempted suicide</li>
<li>Recent divorce and/or separation</li>
<li>Recent unemployment</li>
<li>Recent bereavement</li>
<li>Chronic pain</li>
<li>Refer to mental health counseling and possible hospitalization if there is evidence of suicidal intent, which may include evidence of preparatory actions (e.g., obtaining a weapon, making a plan, putting affairs in order, giving away prized possession, preparing a suicide note).</li>
</ul>
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Customers-Concept and Classification of buyers
Buyers
Buyers are the central point, whatever the activities are performed in the market they are performed for their satisfaction. It is very important aspects of the market. A person or an institution that purchase goods or service is called buyer. It is very important aspects of the market. Buyers include both consumers and institutional buyers because it indicates both to the person who purchases goods or services for personal consumption or a person or institution that purchase goods for reuse propose.
Classification of buyers
Buyers can be classified into two types they are:
- Individual or Non-Institutional Buyers
- Institutional Buyers
Individual or Non-Institutional Buyers
A person who contracts with a seller with the intention of buying the goods and services for the individual consumption or for the consumption of other person is called Non-Institutional Buyers. Non-Institutional Buyers may contact a seller directly or indirectly. Vegetables, medicines, food grains etc. are purchased from individual buyers.
Features of Individual Buyers
- Buying Motives:
Buying motives are those influences or considerations which provide the impulse to buy, included action or determine choice in the purchase of goods and services.
- Number of Buyers:
The number of individual buyers is more they purchase a less than the person buying for personal consumption or for the consumption of the relatives.
- Knowledge about the product and market:
Individual buyers may not have sufficient knowledge about the product they want to purchase. Individual buyers lack sufficient knowledge about the market and the product.
- Purchase quantity:
The individual buyer purchases the product in less quantity than the institutional buyer. To fulfill current need individual buyers purchase different products for the consumption purpose.
Institutional Buyers
Those institutions which purchase products for institutional use are called institutional buyers. To achieve their objectives all institutions need various types of product. It includes producer, wholesaler, retailer, government institutions etc. It has perfect information about product features and availability.
Features of Institutional Buyers
- Buying motives:
They make the purchase decision in order to satisfy their specific objectives that is to make other goods and services, resell to other business users or to buyers. To conduct the organization's operations are some major motives of the buyers.
- Number of buyers:
They purchase in large scale because their demand is high and the number of institutional buyers are limited. For examples, numbers of college are limited than the number of students where college purchase books and stationary in large scale.
- Knowledge of market:
Institutional buyers are well informed about what they are buying . They know more about the relative merits of alternative source of supply and competitive products.
- Purchase Budget:
Under the limit of purchase budget, Institutional budget is made. On the basis of economic conditions of the firm as well as the market demand of the product the budget are prepared.
References:
Koirala, Dr. Kundan Dutta. Elementary Marketing. Kathmandu: Buddha Academic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd, 2014.
Thapa, Gopal, Dipendra K. Neupane and Dilli Raj Mishra. Introduction to Marketing. Kathmandu: Asmita Books Publishers and Distributors (P) Ltd., 2014.
Lesson
Components of Marketing
Subject
Marketing
Grade
Grade 12
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