Environmentally Responsible Construction AND Education in Human Values (EHV)
Environmentally Responsible Construction means construction having little or no impact on the environment. It refers to doing construction in such a way that it is very little or almost no effect in Environment, Wildlife, and Human beings. Construction is a major process which consumes natural resource and each time a natural resource is extracted, processed, manufactured, disposed of, an environment is altered. Green building refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmental resp
Summary
Environmentally Responsible Construction means construction having little or no impact on the environment. It refers to doing construction in such a way that it is very little or almost no effect in Environment, Wildlife, and Human beings. Construction is a major process which consumes natural resource and each time a natural resource is extracted, processed, manufactured, disposed of, an environment is altered. Green building refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmental resp
Things to Remember
1. Steps of Environmentally Responsible Construction:
- Selection of Raw Materials:
- Choose renewable over non-renewable
- Prefer Recycled Content
- Use remanufactured products
- Use products that are less toxic
- Reduce use of products that emits CFCs like some blowers
- Maintain proper building Insulation while construction
- Maintaining Airtightness in buildings
- Design of Proper HVACs systems for buildings
- Maintaining Proper Lighting in buildings
- Use of Renewable Energy
- Treatment of Waste water like waste water treatment plants
- Proper Solid waste management
- Refining waste before excreting it out in case of industries, factories, etc. 10) Use of alternate vehicles with low emissions and fuel-efficient vehicles.
2. These five domains, namely, physical, intellectual, emotional, psychic and spiritual define the human system in to-to, as a whole. The common human values are Truth, Righteous Conduct, Peace, Love and Non-Violence.
MCQs
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Subjective Questions
Q1:
What is risk management?
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<p>Risk management is the process of identification and analysis of uncertainty in investment decision-making. Generally, risk management occurs anytime to quantify the losses in an investment. Then, it takes the appropriate action given to their investment objectives and risk tolerance.</p>
<p>According to <strong>J. L. Papps and E. F. Brigham, </strong>"We define any decision whose outcome is less than certain as being risk, and we say that such decisions are subjects to risk and uncertainty."</p>
<p>According to <strong>George E. Rejda, </strong>"Risk management is a process that identifies loss exposures faced by an organization and selects the most appropriate technique for treating such expenses."</p>
<p>In conclusion, risk management is the process of managing the risk of uncertainty and unfavorable events. It helps to reduce the losses due to the uncertainty and unfavorable situation.</p>
Q2:
Describe the concept of insurance.
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<p>Insurance can be defined as the act of providing indemnity or coverage against harm, as per the contract. Insurance is a legal contract that protects people from the financial losses. It protects from the risk of person and business. Insurance is an economic institution that allows the transfer of financial risk from an individual to a group by the means of a two-party contract. It is a contract between the insurer and insured in which the insurer promises to pay the financial loss to the insured. Such contract is known as an insurance policy. </p>
<p>According to <strong>M.N. Mishra,</strong> "Insurance is a cooperative device to spread the loss caused by a particular risk over a number of persons, who are exposed to it who agree to insure themselves against the risk."</p>
<p>According to <strong>John H. Magee,</strong> "Insurance has been defined as a plan by which a large number of people associate themselves and to the shoulders of all, the risk that attached to individuals."</p>
<p>Likewise, Insurance is a legal contract in which an individual receives financial protection against losses from an insurance company. In the modern age, insurance has become an essential tool to manage the risks of an individual and the corporations.</p>
<p> </p>
Q3:
Explain the importance of insurance.
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
<p><strong>1. Insurance provides security</strong></p>
<p>The Businessman should not have worry about the losses or damages at the time of loss in their property if they are duly insured. Insurance provides financial protection to business assets and properties against the risk of theft, fire accidents or any other natural calamities. Insurance keeps the person free from tension, fear and worries of various risks.</p>
<p><strong>2. Insurance reduces business risk or losses</strong></p>
<p>In Business, commerce and industry, huge properties are employed. The property may be turned into ashes due to the slight negligence. A person may not be sure of his life and health. It is impossible to eliminate risk and uncertainty completely. Insurance is a cooperative effort of sharing risk. Thus, the impact of risk can be reduced through the distribution of risk.</p>
<p><strong>3. Insurance provides mental peace</strong></p>
<p>Insurance provides mental peace to the insured. It removes tension, fear, and anxiety associated with risks and uncertainties. An individual can devote himself to achieve efficiency in economic activities due to the paceful state of mind.</p>
<p><strong>4. Insurance maintains your family’s standard of living</strong></p>
<p>Insurance provides financial protection against unexpected risk. Due to the financial protection of life and property, insurance avoids the unfortunate financial crisis of an individual and his family. The insured helps the individual to maintain his standard of living even in old age. </p>
<p><strong>5. Generates financial resources</strong></p>
<p>Insurance generates funds by collecting the premium. The funds are invested in government securities and stock. These funds are gainfully employed in the industrial development of a country for generating more funds. It can be utilized for the economic development of the country. Employment opportunities are increased by big investments that lead to capital formation.</p>
<p><strong>6. Life insurance encourages savings</strong></p>
<p>Insured should pay the amount of premium regularly. It develops the habit of saving. The deposited premium cannot be withdrawn like a bank deposit. Life insurance is the best medium of saving and investment. It is a good means to make provision for retirement age. </p>
<p><strong>7. Promotes foreign trade:</strong></p>
<p>Foreign trade is relatively riskier than domestic trade. There ae different types of risk in transit like marine perils, explosion, terrorism etc. Insurance provides protection and covers the loss of such risks and thus promotes foreign trade.</p>
<p><strong>8. Medical support</strong></p>
<p>A medical insurance is considered as an essential element in managing risk in health. Anyone can be a victim of critical illness unexpectedly. Rising medical expense is of great concern. Medical Insurance is one of the insurance policies that cater for differently.</p>
<p><strong>9. Reduce inflation </strong></p>
<p>Premium collected by the insurance company reduces the supply of money. On the other hand, the collected fund can be invested in productive purpose. Such investment helps in increasing production and decreasing the impact of inflation in the country.</p>
<p><strong>10. Employment opportunities</strong></p>
<p>Insurance companies need different types of personnel with distinct skills, experiences, and academic qualifications. They provide employment opportunities to the people of the country. So, hundreds of people are engaged in insurance business.</p>
<p>I</p>
Q4:
What is insurance? Describe any six importance of insurance.
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
<p>Insurance can be defined as the act of providing indemnity or coverage against harm, as per the contract. Insurance is a legal contract that protects people from the financial losses. It protects from the risk of person and business. Insurance is an economic institution that allows the transfer of financial risk from an individual to a group by the means of a two-party contract. It is a contract between the insurer and insured in which the insurer promises to pay the financial loss to the insured. Such contract is known as an insurance policy. </p>
<p>According to <strong>M.N. Mishra,</strong> "Insurance is a cooperative device to spread the loss caused by a particular risk over a number of persons, who are exposed to it who agree to insure themselves against the risk."</p>
<p>According to <strong>John H. Magee,</strong> "Insurance has been defined as a plan by which a large number of people associate themselves and to the shoulders of all, the risk that attached to individuals."</p>
<p>Likewise, Insurance is a legal contract in which an individual receives financial protection against losses from an insurance company. In the modern age, insurance has become an essential tool to manage the risks of an individual and the corporations.</p>
<p>Any six importance of insurance are as follows:</p>
<p><strong>1. Insurance provides security</strong></p>
<p>The Businessman should not have worry about the losses or damages at the time of loss in their property if they are duly insured. Insurance provides financial protection to business assets and properties against the risk of theft, fire accidents or any other natural calamities. Insurance keeps the person free from tension, fear and worries of various risks.</p>
<p><strong>2. Insurance reduces business risk or losses</strong></p>
<p>In Business, commerce and industry, huge properties are employed. The property may be turned into ashes due to the slight negligence. A person may not be sure of his life and health. It is impossible to eliminate risk and uncertainty completely. Insurance is a cooperative effort of sharing risk. Thus, the impact of risk can be reduced through the distribution of risk.</p>
<p><strong>3. Insurance provides mental peace</strong></p>
<p>Insurance provides mental peace to the insured. It removes tension, fear, and anxiety associated with risks and uncertainties. An individual can devote himself to achieve efficiency in economic activities due to the paceful state of mind.</p>
<p><strong>4. Insurance maintains your family’s standard of living</strong></p>
<p>Insurance provides financial protection against unexpected risk. Due to the financial protection of life and property, insurance avoids the unfortunate financial crisis of an individual and his family. The insured helps the individual to maintain his standard of living even in old age. </p>
<p><strong>5. Generates financial resources</strong></p>
<p>Insurance generates funds by collecting the premium. The funds are invested in government securities and stock. These funds are gainfully employed in the industrial development of a country for generating more funds. It can be utilized for the economic development of the country. Employment opportunities are increased by big investments that lead to capital formation.</p>
<p><strong>6. Life insurance encourages savings</strong></p>
<p>Insured should pay the amount of premium regularly. It develops the habit of saving. The deposited premium cannot be withdrawn like a bank deposit. Life insurance is the best medium of saving and investment. It is a good means to make provision for retirement age. </p>
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Environmentally Responsible Construction AND Education in Human Values (EHV)
Environmentally Responsible Construction
Introduction
Construction is the process of building infrastructure or building. It differs from manufacturing as manufacturing involves mass production of similar items without designated purchaser while construction takes place at a known place under certain client.
Environmentally Responsible Construction means construction having little or no impact on the environment. It refers to doing construction in such a way that it is very little or almost no effect in Environment, Wildlife, and Human beings. Construction is a major process which consumes natural resource and each time a natural resource is extracted, processed, manufactured, disposed of, the environment is altered.
Green building refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
Current Practices in Nepal
Factory and industrial output are mixed with water sources without refining: Presently in Nepal due to lack of proper design of factories and industries outlets from them are mixed with the water sources without refining which ultimately leads to the pollution of water resources. Such outlets from factories are to be refined and processed before mixing with the water sources.
No proper method for dumping and burying waste is available: Present practices in Nepal do not involve proper dumping and burying of waste. The waste must be collected, divided according to its type and then processed like organic waste are to be changed into manure, plastics, metal ,etc. are to be recycled, and other waste must be disposed of properly. Due to lack of this land pollution is increasing day by day. This indicates that the amount of waste produced and waste disposal methods are unsustainable.
Proper disposal of radioactive substances and lead batteries is lacking: Lead batteries and radioactive substances produce harmful radiation which may lead to diseases like cancer. They are not to be taken lightly and have to be disposed of using proper means. But in Nepal, still the processes are missing.
People suffering from Sick Building Syndrome (SBS): Sick Building Syndrome is the term used to describe office buildings in which employees experience fatigue and other reactions to pollutants present in the air. Products and materials traditionally used in the construction trade include a multitude of hazardous chemicals, many of which can take years of ‘off-gas’
Steps of Environmentally Responsible Construction:
- Selection of Raw Materials:
- Choose renewable over non-renewable
- Prefer Recycled Content
- Use remanufactured products
- Use products that are less toxic
- Reduce use of products that emits CFCs like some blowers
- Maintain proper building Insulation while construction
- Maintaining Airtightness in buildings
- Design of Proper HVACs systems for buildings
- Maintaining Proper Lighting in buildings
- Use of Renewable Energy
- Treatment of Wastewater like waste water treatment plants
- Proper Solid waste management
- Refining waste before excreting it out in the case of industries, factories, etc. 10) Use of alternate vehicles with low emissions and fuel-efficient vehicles.
The above-mentioned procedures are for new construction of buildings but they can be applied during building renovations. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is an organization of US working in this field. Many countries have adopted the policy of Green Buildings but Nepal has yet to adopt the policy. The primary factors responsible for this is Cost and Public Awareness. People are not aware of the benefits of Green Building and overall effect in both cost and health. More detailed information about Environmentally Responsible Construction can be gained from LEED Green Building guidelines.
Education in Human Values (EHV)
A good, conceptual, comprehensive and practical should be in every human being that creates the necessary human capital also knowledge workers who bring the country to greater heights. Education in human values makes the education a forceful tool for cultivation of socio-moral values. Education should universal and eternal values, oriented towards unity and integration of our people. Education value should help in eliminating obscurantism, religious fanaticism, violence, superstition and fatalism also. The education in human values integrated learning and teaching concept obtained from intuition, which has gained wide acceptance around the world. By adopting the human values approach with the right teaching techniques, it has been proven that it is possible to create a balanced individual and society. A good education system with the education in human values can make it a reality. The Education in Human Values intended to out the best in a child to enable his/her personality to develop towards perfection. This process of blossoming human excellence calls for excellence in each of five domains or aspects of human personality. These five domains, namely, physical, intellectual, emotional, psychic and spiritual define the human system in to-to, as a whole. The common human values are Truth, Righteous Conduct, Peace, Love, and Non-Violence.
References:
1. Mackenzie L. Davis & David A. Cornwell, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering”, McGraw Hill.
2. Gilbert M. Masters, Standford University, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”, Printice Hall.
3. Stephan Konz, Kansas State University, “Work design”, Grid Publishing Inc., Colombus, Ohio
4. C. S. Rao, “Environmental Pollution Control Engineering”, New age International (P) Limited, Publishers, India.
Lesson
7 Global issues and responsible development practices
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Grade
Engineering
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