Control of ozone depleting substances in Nepal and cause, effect of Greenhouse gasses

For controlling the ozone depleting substances in Nepal, Nepal government and other NGO, INGO works in the different field. Some of them are below,

• The Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE) was designated as a focal ministry.
• The MoPE and the then Ministry of Industries, Commerce, and Supplies started working in close coordination in control of the ozone.
• The MoPE established the coordination with the Convention Secretariat and necessary organizations.
• The Nepal Bureau of Standard and Metrology (NBSM) was designated as an implementing agency for ODS.
• A National Ozone Unit (NOU) was established and its responsibility is implementing and monitoring the ODS.

CAUSE AND EFFECT OF GREENHOUSE GASES

Energy from Sun reaches earth through radiations as the earth is warmed, heat in the form of infrared radiation is radiated back into the atmosphere however, much of the radiation is prevented from escaping into spaces by greenhouse gases as a result, and the infrared radiation is radiated back to the earth’s surface, warming the earth further i.e. increases the temperature is called greenhouse effect and gasses caused called greenhouse gasses.

GREENHOUSE GASSES

• carbon dioxide
• nitrous oxide
• water vapor
• methane
• ozone
• chlorofluorocarbons

EFFECTS OF GREENHOUSES GASES

Global warming

The increase of greenhouse gases concentration causes a reduction in outgoing infrared radiation, thus increasing the temperature of the earth's climate.

Rise in sea level

Warmer temperature causes the sea level to rise due to thermal expansion of seawater. Water from melting glaciers and the ice sheets would also add water to the ocean.

Disruption of the whole ecosystem

Some species will move farther north or become more successful and others won’t be able to move and become extinct the loss of coastal wetlands could certainly reduce fish populations. This could reduce the abundance of freshwater species but could increase the presence of water species.

Agriculture impact

With higher concentrations of co_², plants can grow bigger and faster. However, the effect of global warming may affect the atmospheric general circulation and thus altering the global precipitation pattern as well as changing the soil moisture contents over various continents.

Effects on hydrological cycle

It is not known how regional rainfall patterns will change. Furthermore, higher temperatures would probably increase evaporation. These changes would probably create new stresses for many water management systems.

Climate changes in Nepal

• Global warming is happening and it is continuous.
• It is estimated by that average annual temperature rise is about 〖8〗^0 c.
• It is mainly rising due to higher greenhouse gases mainly 〖𝐶𝑂〗_2 from burning fossil fuels and wood.
• It is expected to rise about 2^0 c by 2050(a.d.) and 4^0 𝐶 by the end of a century.

Controlling Measures

• Reducing of fossil fuels consumption
• Afforestation
• CFC Ecofriendly alternative
• Co2 pumped into underground

References:
1. Mackenzie L. Davis & David A. Cornwell, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering”, McGraw Hill.
2. Gilbert M. Masters, Standford University, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”, Printice Hall.
3. Stephan Konz, Kansas State University, “Work design”, Grid Publishing Inc., Colombus, Ohio
4. C. S. Rao, “Environmental Pollution Control Engineering”, New age International (P) Limited, Publishers, India.