Load Curve, Load Factor, Loss Factor and Energy Loss Calculation
The concept of load factor, load curve and loss factor of a system are described briefly in this article. A numerical example is also given for the sake of better understanding. The students will also study about these things in chapter 4.
Summary
The concept of load factor, load curve and loss factor of a system are described briefly in this article. A numerical example is also given for the sake of better understanding. The students will also study about these things in chapter 4.
Things to Remember
- The students are advised to study the application of load factor, load curve and loss factor and use them to calculate enrergy loss in a day.
- Load factor (LF) = Average load/Peak load
- Loss factor = (0.3 × Load factor) + (0.7) × (Load factor)2
- A numerical example asking the students to determine the energy loss in a day maybe asked in exams.
MCQs
No MCQs found.
Subjective Questions
Q1:
Write short notes on the nose.
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<p>The nose is the body's primary organ of smell and also functions as part of the body's respiratory system. Air comes into the body through the nose. As it passes over the specialized cells of the olfactory system, the brain recognizes and identifies smells. Hairs in the nose clean the air of foreign particles. As air moves through the nasal passages, it is warmed and humidified before it goes into the lungs. The nose consists of olfactory nerves, frontal sinus, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, inferior,middle and superior concha, nasal bone, hyaline cartilage and maxilla.</p>
<h4>Function</h4>
<ul>
<li>The nose acts as a pathway or passage for air to enter into the body. The cilia present inside the nose filter the dust and other particles before the air enters the lungs.</li>
<li>The nose also acts as the organ of smell.</li>
<li>The nasal cavity and its connecting sinuses act as a resonating chamber in sound production. They help to produce resonance sound.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Physiology of smell</h4>
<p>All odorous materials release chemical particles that are carried by air which is inhaled into the nose. The chemical particles attach to the olfactory receptors and stimulate them, then impulses are generated. These impulses are carried to the olfactory area of the brain through the olfactory tract. In this area, impulses are perceived as a smell.</p>
Videos
Nose (human sense organ)
Load Curve, Load Factor, Loss Factor and Energy Loss Calculation
Load curve
A load curve, also known as load profile, is a chart illustrating the variation of electrical load over a period of time. Generating companies or electrical utilities use this chart to study the pattern of load variation and to obtain information regarding the amount of power to be generated at a specific time.
An example of a load curve is given in the figure below.
Load factor
Load factor is defined as the ratio of average load to the peak load. It can also be expressed as the ratio of a number of units supplied during a certain period of the maximum energy demand during that period. Load factor refers to the energy load on a system as compared to its peak load for a given period of time and is most typically calculated on a monthly or annual basis.
Load factor is given as,
Load factor (LF) = Average load/Peak load
= No. of energy units supplied during a particular period/Maximum power demand during that period × Period
Loss factor
It is defined as a factor which when multiplied with energy loss at peak time and the number of loads periods gives the overall average energy loss. It is expressed as the ratio of average power loss to the peak power loss or power loss at peak load. If the load to a power plant is constant, throughout the day, the loss factor of the plant is 1. But in practice, the load to a plant varies throughout the day which is given by a load curve.
An approximate value of loss factor can be found by the following equation:
Loss factor = (0.3 × Load factor) + (0.7) × (Load factor)2
Numerical example:
The load curve of a power plant for a day is shown in the figure below. Calculate the load factor, loss factor, and energy loss in a day if the installed capacity of the plant is 150 MW and energy loss at peak load is 10 MW.
Solution:
According to the load curve,
Total units supplied in a day = (50 × 8) + (80 × 4) + (130 × 5) + (60 × 7) = 1790 units
Therefore, average load = 1790/24 = 74.58 MW
Load factor = Average load/Peak load = 74.58/130 = 0.5736
Loss factor = (0.3 × Load factor) + (0.7) × (Load factor)2 = (0.3 × 0.5736) + (0.7) × (0.5736)2 = 0.4023
Actual power loss = Power loss at peak load × Loss factor = 10 × 0.4023 = 4.023
Thus, energy loss in a day (24 Hours) = 24 × 4.023 = 96.552 KWh
References
- Wikipedia. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.wikipedia.org/
Information from the handouts provided by my lecturer Mr. Gopal Joshi Subedi has also been used.
The image of the sample load curve was taken from the research article "Journal of Energy in Southern Africa" by Bernard Tembo and Bruno Merven http://www.scielo.org.za/
Lesson
RE Network Operation
Subject
Electrical Engineering
Grade
Engineering
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