Concepts and Applications
Database system can be understood as a set of procedures that manages the database and provide access to the database in a way that is required by any application program. Databases are developed to store large amount of data and while storing those large amount of data we need to take two things into account they are storage and retrieval of data. Today, there are so many applications where DBMS is uses and has made the management of data much easier and reliable.
Summary
Database system can be understood as a set of procedures that manages the database and provide access to the database in a way that is required by any application program. Databases are developed to store large amount of data and while storing those large amount of data we need to take two things into account they are storage and retrieval of data. Today, there are so many applications where DBMS is uses and has made the management of data much easier and reliable.
Things to Remember
- DBMS is defined as a collection of inter-related data and the set of programs to store and access those data in an easy and effective manner.
- Database systems are basically developed for a large amount of data. When dealing with huge amount of data, there are two things that require optimization: Storage of data and retrieval of data.
- Applications of DBMS are: Telecom, Industry, Banking System, Education sector and Online shopping
- Drawbacks of the file system: Data isolation, Duplication of data and Dependency on application programs.
- advantages of Database management system over file system are No redundant data, data consistency, and integrity, security, privacy, easy access to data, easy recovery and flexibility.
- DBMS has few disadvantages as well such as its implementation cost is high compared to the file system and it is complex to understand. Database systems are generic.
MCQs
No MCQs found.
Subjective Questions
Q1:
What are the causes of MAS ?
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<ol>
<li>MAS may occur when your baby experiences stress. Stress often results when the amount of oxygen available to the fetus is reduced. Common causes of fetal stress include:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>a pregnancy that goes past the due date (more than 40 weeks)</li>
<li>difficult or long labor</li>
<li>certain health issues experienced by the mother, including hypertension (high blood pressure) or diabetes</li>
<li>an infection</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>Diabetic mother</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>High blood pressure in the pregnant mother.</li>
</ul>
Q2:
List the sign and symptoms of MAS ?
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<li>Breathing difficulty</li>
<li>Absence of breathing</li>
<li>Greenish appearance of the amniotic fluid</li>
<li>Infant’s skin may be stained green</li>
<li>Rapid and labored breathing</li>
<li>a greenish appearance of the amniotic fluid</li>
<li>Limpness at birth</li>
<li>Skin peeling</li>
<li>Weight loss</li>
</ul>
Q3:
What are the treatment, nursing management and prevention of MAS ?
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
<p>Treatment initiated with suctioning of the baby’s throat and nose as soon as the head is delivered and continue suctioning of meconium from below the vocal cords by using a laryngoscope if infant looks sicker and has breathing problems continuously.</p>
<p>Other treatments includes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Transfer the baby in the special care unit.</li>
<li>Administer antibiotics to treat and prevent infection.</li>
<li>Maintain warmth environment to maintain body temperature.</li>
<li>Monitor vital signs.</li>
<li>Monitor baby’s condition on a ventilator.</li>
<li>Tapping on the chest to loosen secretion.</li>
<li>Maintain nutrition and fluid by intravenous infusion.</li>
<li>Insert nasogastric tube and keep nil per orally.</li>
<li>Maintain intake and output chart.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Prevention</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Early monitoring of the maternal and fetal condition and take prompt actions.</li>
<li>Encourage hospital delivery.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Nursing consideration:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Assessment of fetus and neonate.</li>
<li>Airway clearance and maintenance of respiration.</li>
<li>Maintain temperature and monitor vital signs.</li>
<li>Carry out treatment protocol.</li>
<li>Chest physiotherapy.</li>
<li>Special care in neonatal intensive care unit if needed.</li>
<li>Maintain nutrition: IV infusion, breastfeeding, express breast milk.</li>
<li>Watch for signs of complication such as fever, vomiting, seizures, breathing difficulty.</li>
<li>Parents support.</li>
</ol>
Q4:
Define Meconium aspiration syndrome.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Videos
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Concepts and Applications
DBMS stands for Database Management System. It can be understood as management of the database. The process of collecting data to manage any organization is referred to as database. Here, the data may refer to input documents, reports and intermediate results which are obtained during the time of processing. These data are necessary to be ordered and maintained decently so that we can retrieve them whenever needed and for this, there is an essence of management. A Management system is referred to a set of programs that stores and retrieves the data. In short, DBMS is specified as a collection of interrelated data as well as a set of programs to store and access those data in an easy and effective manner.
Database systems are fundamentally developed for a large amount of data. While dealing with such huge amount of data, we need to take two things into account which also requires optimization and they are:
- Storage of data
- Retrieval of data.
- Storage: Abide by the principles of database systems, the data is stored in such a way that it acquires a lot less space as the redundant data or duplicate data has been removed before storage. Lets take an example to understand this:
In a particular bank assume that a customer is having two accounts specifying a saving account and salary account. Let’s consider that the bank stores saving account data at one place and the salary account data at another place. This leads to the duplication of information of the following person as both accounts require the customers' information like name, address, job details etc. This might create confusion or the tendency for making mistakes in the near future and to organize the data like these in a finer way, the information should be stored at a particular place such that both the accounts should be linked to this information. For example, a person's information should be recorded along with his or her account status linked with it. The exact thing is performed with the DBMS. - Retrieval of data: While the data is stored in an optimized and systematic manner it is important to retrieve the data quickly as per needed. Database systems ensure that the data is retrieved as quickly as possible.
APPLICATIONS
Applications where we use Database Management Systems are given below:
- Telecom: We need to keep tracks of the information regarding calls made, network utilities, customer details and so on and the database systems has made it much easier to maintain such huge amount of data which tends to change every millisecond.
- Industry: Industry definitely contains a manufacturing unit, warehouse or distribution center and each one of these needs a database to keep the records of entries and exits. For example, distribution center needs to keep a record of the product units that are supplied into the center along with the products that gets delivered from the distribution center daily. This is where DBMS comes into demand.
- Banking System: In order to store the records of customer information such as tracking daily credit and debit transactions, generating bank statements etc., database management system is mostly required otherwise the procedures would be very tedious and inconvenient without it.
- Education sector: Database systems are often used in schools and colleges for storing and retrieving the data such as the student details, staff details, course details, exam details, payroll data, attendance details, fees details etc. There is a huge amount of inter-related data that needs to be stored and retrieved in an efficient manner.
- Online shopping: Online shopping is the new cool trend which is going viral among the people of all generations. Popular online shopping websites such as Amazon, Flipkart etc., stores the product information, our addresses and preferences, credit details and provides us the relevant list of products based on our query. It is all possible due to the involvement of database management system.
There can be much more other applications where Database Management Systems are used. The listed above are only the major ones.
Advantages of DBMS over file system
File system had many issues at the time of its existence which caused problems in retrieving the data. It had following drawbacks:
- Data Isolation: There is a probability that the data can be stored in various files and those files may be in different formats. It will be quite difficult to write a whole new application program for retrieving the appropriate data that we desire.
- Duplication of data – There can be a duplication of the information and data in different files which may create confusion.
- Dependency on application programs – The change in files would lead to a change in application programs.
Following are some of the advantages of Database management system over file system:
- No redundant data – Redundancy is removed by data normalization.
- Data Consistency and Integrity – Data normalization takes care of data consistency and integrity.
- Secure – Each user has a different set of access which provides security.
- Privacy – Limited access.
- Easy access to data.
- Easy recovery.
- Flexibility.
Disadvantages of DBMS:
- The cost for the implementation of the database management system is higher compared to the file system
- Complexity: Database systems are complicated to understand
- Performance: Although database systems are generic which makes them suitable for various applications, however this feature affects their performance for some applications
References:
- H.F.Korth and A. Silberschatz,"Database system concepts",McGraw Hill,2010
- A.K.Majumdar and p, Bhattacharaya,"Database Management Systems",Tata McGraw Hill,India,2004
- F.Korth, Henry. Database System Concepts. 6th edition.
Lesson
Introduction
Subject
Computer Engineering
Grade
Engineering
Recent Notes
No recent notes.
Related Notes
No related notes.