Concept of Traffic Analyzer: MRTG, PRTG, SNMP, Packet Tracer, Wireshark

MRTG is a tool to monitor the traffic load on network links. It generates HTML pages containing PNG images which provide a LIVE visual representation of this traffic. MRTG works on most UNIX platforms and Windows NT. PRTG Network Monitor runs on a Windows machine within your network, collecting various statistics from the machines, software, and devices which you designate. It can also auto discover them, helping you map out your network. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a popular protocol for n

Summary

Things to Remember

MRTG is a tool to monitor the traffic load on network links
PRTG monitor auto collects, discover, and map various statistics from the machines, software, and devices which you designate.
SNMP is used for collecting information from, and configuring, network devices, such as servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet Protocol (IP) network
Cisco-packet tracer is an integral part of the Networking Academy comprehensive learning experience, Packet Tracer provides simulation, visualization, authoring, assessment, and collaboration capabilities and facilitates the teaching and learning of complex technology concepts
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. It was Originally named Ethereal.

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Subjective Questions

Q1:

What are the roles of the nurses in rehabilitation process?

Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: .Providing support
 
Dealing with a disability can be frustrating for all because while the individual is still in shock over the sudden loss of function of the body. He /she may need to deny the situation. The nurse will need to support the disable persons attempt to work through the grief process, while at the same time supporting others life system and prevent secondary disabilities. As the painful procedure or even of death. All nursing measure must be done skillfully to maintain the confidence of the disabled person.
 
2.Maintain self-esteem of the individual
 
As the newly disabled person moves from denial through anger, despair and depression, reconstruction of the shattered image of self is began. Adjustment to loss will depend on what meaning the lost function has, how much ability can be required and how the sick role is viewed.
If the disability does not greatly affect the person previous social roles, adaptation may not take a long time. There are specific nursing measures in addition to the psychological support that can help individual retain integrity. The disabled person should wear his own clothes if possible and use his own personal care items.
 
3.Preventing secondary disabilities
 
Secondary disability in the condition of a disabled person can come about in one of the several ways, including the natural course of progressive diseases, lack of support from others and discouragement and loss of motivation in the individual.
There is the little the nurse can do to prevent diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis or diabetic from proceeding through its natural course. The aim of rehabilitation here is to make the most of the abilities they are present and to prevent complications that would shorten the life of disable person.
 
4.Evaluating patients progress
 
Early in the disease process, the disabled person establishes long term and short term goal. These goals are necessary to evaluate progress made towards these goals and to determine the continued relevancy of the goals. All involved in the care need to know what works and what does not work and whether the desired outcomes are realistic and achievable. Approaches and methods can be altered by others if one manner is having success whether planned with the disabled person provide the progress report so necessary for continued progress.
For better evaluation prepare a checklist of a set of goals. By checking off each goals accomplishment the individual is aware of changes and what need further work. Unrealistic goals and lack of rest periods creates fatigue and ultimately creates failure. The disabled person must be taught to evaluate progress and or lack of progress by assessing fatigue level and planning rest period accordingly.

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rehabilitation nursing

Concept of Traffic Analyzer: MRTG, PRTG, SNMP, Packet Tracer, Wireshark

MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher)

It is a tool to generate HTML pages and monitor the traffic load on network links.HTML pages may contain PNG images which provide a LIVE visual representation of this traffic. MRTG works on most UNIX platforms and Windows NT. MRTG is written in Perl and comes with full source. It uses a highly portable SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) implementation written entirely in Perl. The traffic loads on network links are monitored and measured allowing the user to see traffic load on a network over time in graphical form. Tobias Oetiker and Dave Rand developed it to monitor router traffic, but they developed into a tool which can create graphs and statistics for almost anything.

MRTG consists of a Perl script which uses SNMP to read the traffic counters of your routers and it also uses C program which fastly logs the traffic data and creates beautiful graphs representing the traffic on the monitored network connection. Those graphs can be viewed from any modern Web browser and are embedded into web pages.

In addition, MRTG creates a visual representation for the traffics of during last 7 days , the last 5 weeks and the whole year in a detailed daily view. A log of all the data it has pulled from the router which makes such function possible. Automatically consolidated of such log is done so that it does not grow over time. But it still contains all the relevant data for all the traffic seen over the last two years and is performed in an efficient manner. Therefore, from any halfway decent UNIX box, we can monitor 200 or more network links.

Fig: MRTG sample

Features:

It measures two values (I for Input, O for Output) per target.
It gets its data via an SNMP agent, or through the output of a command line.
It typically collects data every five minutes (it can be configured to collect data less frequently).
It creates an HTML page that features four graphs (GIF or PNG images).
It results are plotted vs time into day, week, month and year graphs.
It automatically scales the Y-axis of the graphs to show the most detail.
It adds calculated Max, Average and Current values for both I and O to the target's HTML page.
It can also send warning emails if targets have values above a certain threshold.

PRTG (Paessler Router Traffic Grapher)

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

It is a popular protocol for network management and is widely used for collecting information from, and configuring, network devices, the devices can be servers, printers, hubs, switches, and routers on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The devices that typically support SNMP are devices like routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks, and more. It is called Protocol Data Units (PDUs) because it works by sending messages to different parts of a network. MRTG uses the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to send requests with object identifiers (OIDs) to a device. It will have a management information base (MIB) to look up the OIDs specified. After complete collection of the information, it will send back the raw data encapsulated in an SNMP protocol. The software then creates an HTML document from the logs, containing a list of graphs detailing traffic for the selected device.

Packet Tracer

It is a powerful network simulation program which helps to simulate the real world network components like the router, hub, switches,server, etc. It allows students to experiment with network behavior. The simulation, visualization, authoring, assessment and collaboration can easily learn with complex technology concept using cisco- Packet Tracer. The physical equipment is supplied in the classroom by allowing students to create a network, by using unlimited resources. As a result, it encourages practice, discovery, and troubleshooting of the problems that can easily occur in real world devices. Skills such as decision making, creative and critical thinking, and problem solving can easily develop and tested by using the technique of the simulation. The Networking Academy curricula are complemented by cisco- packet tracer by allowing instructors to easily teach and demonstrate complex technical concepts and networking systems design.

Wire Shark

It is a free and open-source packet analyzer which troubleshoots, analysis, software and communication protocol development and education of network system. It was Originally named Ethereal. Wireshark is cross-platform. WireShark uses the GTK+ widget toolkit to implement the user interface, and using cap to capture packets; It runs on various Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, Mac OS X, BSD, and Solaris, and on Microsoft Windows as well. There is also a terminal-based (non-GUI) version called TShark. Wireshark, and the other programs distributed with it such as TShark, are free software, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

Reference

Tanenbaum, WetherRall, Andrew S. , David J. ,Computer Networks. 5th Ed. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc
W. Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Macmillan Press, 1989.
Kurose Ross, “Computer Networking: A top-down approach”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education
Larry L. Peterson, Bruce S. Davie, “Computer Networks: A Systems Approach”, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

Lesson

Application Layer

Subject

Computer Engineering

Grade

Engineering

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