Networking Model Client/Server, P2P, Active Network

The client-server model consists of 2 parts client and server where the client requests for service which the server provides. Whereas peer-to-peer doesn't have server and each computer has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.

Summary

The client-server model consists of 2 parts client and server where the client requests for service which the server provides. Whereas peer-to-peer doesn't have server and each computer has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.

Things to Remember

  1. Client-server architecture (client/server) is a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server.
  2. In peer to peer networking architecture, each computer (workstation) has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.
  3. Active network enables more flexible network. It has faster hardware, the device becomes network-aware and smart.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1: How many types of water are there?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: There are two types of water.

Q2: Name two types of water.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: The two types of water are soft water and hard water.

Q3: What is hard water?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Hard water is a type of water which cannot form lather with soap.

Q4: What is soft water?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Soft water is a type of water which can form lather with soap.

Q5: What is the reason for permanent hardness of water?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: The permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of chloride and sulphate salt of calcium and magnesium.

Q6: What is the reason for temporary hardness of water?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: The temporary hardness of water is due to the presence calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate.

Q7: How can permanent hardness of water can be removed?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Permanent hardness of water can be removed by treating it with washing soda.

Q8: How can temporary hardness of water can be removed?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Temporary hardness of water can be removed by heating and treating it with lime water.

Q9: Write any one advantgae of hard water.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Any one advantage of hard water is that it is used in beer industries.

Q10: Write any one disadvantage of hard water.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Any one disadvantage of hard water is that it is unfit for drinking purpose.

Q11: Which compound is used in permutit process?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Sodium zeolite or sodium aluminium orthosilicate is used in permutit process.

Q12:

Write any three advantages of hard water?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Any three advantages of hardwater are as follow,</p> <ul><li>It is used in beer industries.</li> <li>Water becomes tasty to dissolved salts of calcium and magnesium.</li> <li>It helps in the development of bones and teeth as it contains calcium salt.</li> </ul><p></p>

Q13:

Write any one method for the removal of temporary hardness of water.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The temporary hardness of water can be removed by heating the water and by treating it with lime water. Here, we discuss how hardness of water can be removed by heating.</p> <p>As we know that, the temporary hardness of water is due to calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate. When we heat, calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate change into insoluble salts.<br>Ca(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> \( \overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}\) CaCO<sub>3</sub>&darr; + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub><br><br>Mg(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>\( \overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}\) MgCO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub></p>

Q14:

Describe the removal of permanent hardness of water by treating it with washing soda.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Permanent hardness of water can be removed by treating it with washing soda. As we know that, the permanent hardness of water is due to soluble salts of calcium and magnesium so when we treat them with washing soda, it changes into insoluble salts.<br>CaCl<sub>2</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&rarr; CaCO<sub>3</sub>&darr; + 2NaCl<br>CaSO<sub>4</sub> +Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&rarr;CaCO<sub>3</sub>&darr; + Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub><br>MgCl<sub>2</sub> +Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&rarr; MgCO<sub>3</sub>&darr; + 2NaCl<br>MgSO<sub>4</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>&rarr; MgCO<sub>3</sub>&darr; +Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></p>

Videos

Hard and Soft Water
Hard Water versus Soft Water
Test for Water-Hardness
Hard and Soft Water | The Chemistry Journey | The Fuse School
Networking Model Client/Server, P2P, Active Network

Networking Model Client/Server, P2P, Active Network

Types of Networking Model

Client-Server Model

Fig: Client-Server Model
Fig: Client-Server Model

Client-server architecture (client/server) is a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server. If we look at the client-server model in detail, two processes are involved, one each on the client machine and on the server machine. Communication is done by first client process sending a message over the network to the server process. The client process then waits for a reply message. When the server process gets the request, it performs required processes and sends back a reply message. For example, when a person at home accesses a page on the World Wide Web, the same model is employed, with the remote Web server being the server and the user's personal computer being the client.

Peer to Peer Model

Fig: Peer to peer Model
Fig: Peer to peer Model

A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is created when two or more PCs or devices are connected and share their resources without communicating with a separate server computer. In peer to peer networking architecture, each computer (workstation) has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. Each PC acts as an independent workstation that stores data on its own hard drive but which can share it with all other PCs on the network. Computers connecting with each other in a workgroup can share files, printers, and internet access.

Active Network

Active Network can be at least as secured as the legacy network. Data and algorithm in an active network are mutable and fluid. It enables more flexible network. It has faster hardware. Devices become network-aware. It also enables faster development of new service.

References:

  1. A.S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall India, 1997.
  2. W. Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Macmillan Press, 1989.
  3. Kurose Ross, “Computer Networking: A top-down approach”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education
  4. Larry L. Peterson, Bruce S. Davie, “Computer Networks: A Systems Approach”, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

.



Lesson

Introduction to Computer NetworK

Subject

Computer Engineering

Grade

Engineering

Recent Notes

No recent notes.

Related Notes

No related notes.