Excretory system of Pila. An Apple Snail.
Excretory system of An Apple snail consists of two parts. They are renal organ and physiology of excretion. The renal organs can be differentiated into Anterior and posterior renal chamber.
Summary
Excretory system of An Apple snail consists of two parts. They are renal organ and physiology of excretion. The renal organs can be differentiated into Anterior and posterior renal chamber.
Things to Remember
- Study of the excretory system of An Apple Snail.
- Renal organ of an apple snail.
- Physiology of excretion of An apple snail.
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Subjective Questions
Q1:
Who invented Coordinates and when? Mention.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q2:
What are the coordinate axes and quadrants? Mention.
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<ul>
<li>XOX' is called the x-axis or abscissa.</li>
<li>YOY' is called the y-axis or ordinate.</li>
<li>The point O is called the origin.</li>
</ul>
<p>Similarly, The quadrants of coordinate are mentioned below:</p>
<ul>
<li>The region XOY is called the first quadrant.</li>
<li>The region X'OY is called the second quadrant.</li>
<li>The region X'OY' is called the third quadrant.</li>
<li>The region XOY' is called the fourth quadrant.</li>
</ul>
Q3:
State the quadrant where each of the following points lies:
A(2,3) , B(-3,2), C(-2,-3) and D(3,-2)
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
<p>Given point, A(2,3)<br />Since both x and y coordinates are positive, so it lies in the first quadrant.</p>
<p>Also, Given points, B(-3,2)}<br />Since x-coordinate is negative and y-coordinate is positive, so it lies in the second quadrant.</p>
<p>Similarly, Given points, C(-2,-3)<br />Since both x and y coordinates are negative, so it lies in the third quadrant.</p>
<p>And, Given points, D(3,-2)<br />Since x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is negative, so it lies in the fourth quadrant.</p>
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Excretory system of Pila. An Apple Snail.
Excretory System of the Pila: An Apple Snail.
The excretory system of An Apple Snail consists of two parts.
- Renal organs and
- Physiology of excretion
[I] Renal organs:
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The excretory organ of An Apple snail is a large, kidney or renal organ of Bojanus. It is a thick-walled sac which is much folded within.The renal organ of An Apple Snail corresponds to the left kidney of Diotocardia, while the right kidney in this order has been modified to form the genital duct.
It communicates with the exterior on one hand and with the pericardial cavity representing coelom on the other; it is thus the nature of coelom duct.The renal chamber consists of two distinct chambers, a right anterior and a left posterior.
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Anterior renal chamber.
It is more or less oval in outline organ, reddish in colour and lies anterior to the pericardium.It opens into the branchial chamber of the mantle cavity through a slit-like opening near the epithelia. At the other end, it communicates with the posterior renal chamber through an internal opening. The upper surface of the chamber shows shallow grooves corresponding to the internal lamellae, which hang downwards from the roof into the cavity of the chamber. Dorsal surface of the chamber is marked by numerous transverse grooves, corresponding to these internal lamellae. The lamellae of the roof are arranged on either side of a median longitudinal axis, or the efferent renal sinuses.
Lamella on the floor is arranged on either side of a similar median axis, the afferent renal-sinus, which is the right branch of the peri-intestinal sinus. It breaks up into numerous branches to supply the lamellae on both the sides.
Posterior renal chamber.
It is a broad, brownish to grey and hook-shaped chamber, situated behind the anterior renal chamber in between the rectum on the left and pericardium and digestive gland on the right. Its large internal cavity encloses a part of the genital duct and a few coils of the intestine.The roof of the chamber is richly supplied with the blood vessels resulting from a repeated division of the afferent and efferent renal vessels of the chamber.
At one end, it communicates with the anterior renal chamber through an aperture, and at the other with the pericardium through an elongated slit-like reno-pericardial aperture, perforating a thin verticle reno-pericardial septum, separating the two afferent and efferent renal vessels profusely branch in the roof of this chamber.
[II] Physiology of Excretion:
Both the two renal chamber are richly supplied with the blood from the nitrogenous waste products are separated.Both the renal chamber of An Apple Snail have a true excretory function and excrete nitrogenous waste products.Owing to a single external opening, the excretory products from the posterior chamber are collected and emptied into the anterior chamber, from where they are discharged into the pallial cavity through the external renal opening. The kidney is a coelom duct communicating at one with the coelom (pericardium) and at the other end with the exterior (mantle cavity). The kidney removes nitrogenous waste from the blood, taste is discharged into the mantle cavity. Excretory matter contains mostly ammonia, and some ammonium compounds, urea and uric acid. This adaptation for water conservation is particularly striking in An Apple Snail which is seasonally amphibious, during its aquatic phase it excretes ammonium compounds , but during its terrestrial phase, it excretes uric acid. In most Gastropoda, the digestive gland plays in excretion because it contains some excretory cells that take up rate which is eliminated by way of the stomach and intestine.
Reference:.
Bhamrah, H.S., and Kavita, Juneja. A Text Book of Invertebrates, New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd, 2011.
Jordan E.L. and P. S., Verma. Invertebrate Zoology, New Delhi,: S. Chand and Company Pvt. Ltd., 2011.
Kotpal, R. L.,Modern Text Book of Zoology: Invertebrates, New Delhi, India: Rastogi Publications,2011.
http://www.biologydiscussion.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretory_system_of_gastropods
Lesson
Mollusca
Subject
Zoology
Grade
Bachelor of Science
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