Defination of problem, Statement of problem and pitfull of choosing problem for thesis work

Evolution of Scientific studies.

Scientific studies have been passed through different stages of evolution and the methods of scientific analysis have been made more and more refined with the growth of scientific studies.

Different stages of Evolution of scientific studies are as disused by following points.

1. Random observation method.
2. Systematic exploration.
3. Hypothesis testing.
4. Experiment directed to systematic theory.

1. Random observation methods.

It is one of the oldest scientific methods .In this method, the investigator goes with the process of observation and experimentations without any hypothesis. He discovered a new element or a thing or relationship by chance after many days of labour,X-ray is discovered in this way.

2. Systematic exploration.

It is more developed form.In this methods, the investigator does not define problem but proceeds in a systematic and planned way to discover new things without any specific hypothesis. The results may come or not. This lack of hypothesis makes the investigation vague and unfocused.

3. Hypothesis testing.

In this methods , the specific hypothesis is formulated and the investigation work is confined to testing the validity of the hypothesis so formulated.

4. Experimental directed to systematic theory.

It is the modern method.This method is well-defined, refines and most common. The investigation, first of all, takes into consideration of some theory that has been tested and found correct.Certain generalisation is made on the basis of these theories. Empirical observation is then made and data are collected to verify.If the generalisation is correct Newton’s law of motion or Einstein’s Relativity theory comes under this type of study.

Steps in Scientific studies.

The procedures to adopting a scientific investigation may differ according to the nature investigation.But certain basic principle laid out.

1. Formulation of a research problem.
2. An extensive literature survey.
3. Development of workable hypothesis.
4. Preparing research design.
5. Determining sample design.
6. A collection of data\ information.
7. Analysis of data.
8. Hypothesis testing.
9. Generalising and interpretation.
10. Report writing.

1. Formulation of a research problem.

First and foremost step in a survey or scientific research is the identification of the problem. There must be the possible solution of that problem selection of instability problem may result in failure of the investigation.

2. An extensive literature survey.

The next step after the identification of a problem in the part survey or research which had the failure or succeeded.

3. Development of working hypothesis.

Next step in the scientific study is the formulation of hypothesis.A hypothesis is a predicted generalisation the validity of which remains to be tested. The assumed solution may become theory after its success.

4. Preparing research design.

The research may be field base or lab base.The cost and time of research should be assumed during this step. The field base is costly and lengthy than lab base research.

5. Determination sample design.

The next step is to choose a certain field whereas to minimise randomness through various technique. It has the important role in research.

6. A collection of data\information.

The data are of two types. The primary data is collected by the research whereas the secondary data is already collected .It may or may not be sufficiently for the analysis.

7. Analysis of data.

After the collection of data, analysis of data is done through certain tools. There are various tools for the manipulation.

9. Hypothesis testing.

After the manipulation of data, the value is compared with the statistical value. There may be an error (low percentage) which cannot be neglected.

10.Generalisation and interpretation.

The last step in the scientific study is the generalisation if the assumption is correct.then the result is generalised and the conclusion is forecasted.

11. Report writing.

At the last step, the research is written in a summary and a report is prepared.

Statement or problem.

Statement of the problem is slightly differing than the simple problem. In the statement of a problem the background of the problem and the significance of the problem should be given so, statement of problem reflects light on the facts like why the problem is necessary? What is the socio-economic condition of the study area? Is the problem researchable? Etc.

Definition.

The ideas are developed while going through literature, discourse, with experts and continuation of activities related to the subject matter.These ideas develop into some specific topics that will be interesting or rewarding if investigated.This topic is generally called problems.

First and foremost in a scientific method is the identification of the problem. An investigation is not carried out simply fir the sake of investigation.To initiate an investigation, there should be pre-occurred ideas that generated the necessity for the investigation to be carried out.

There are different approaches in definition a problem. For action orientated investigation, the problem is presented as negative of situations prevailing within a phenomenon. Usually, the negative statement is called problem. In project works, the problem is identically by means of group participation. A group of knowledgeable persons are identified and their statement in the negative sense are collected and classified into different groups. These statements are arranged in sequential order as they appear to the group of experts in the subject matter. These statements are called problem.

Utter care should be taken while choosing problems. Selection of unsuitable problems would eventually result in the failure of the investigation. One should be careful about the pitfalls of the topic chosen.There are many pitfalls to be avoided and there are countless students who have failed to complete their research not because they were lazy or badly organised but their research not because they were lazy or badly organised but their topic was not suitable for research.

Some pitfalls in choosing topics for a thesis work areas for

1. Choosing a topic that is too large.
2. Choosing a topic which is too complex for research at the level at which the students is studying.
3. Not giving due consideration to the time factor.Research work must be completed .
4. Choosing the topic, for which the material are not easily accessible.
5. Choosing the topic , which is not researchable because the source of materials is already destroyed or the methodology of investigation is not yet developed.

Reference.

Kerlinger, F.N. Foundation of Behavioural Research. New Delhi: Surjeet Publication, 2000.

Kothari, C.R. Research Methodology. India: Vishwa Prakashan, 1990.

Singh, M.L. and J.M Singh. Understanding Research Methodology. 1998.

Singh, Mrigendra Lal. Understanding Research Methodology. Nepal: National Book centre, 2013.