Risk Group of Microorganisms

Special Practice in BSL-4

• Materials and substances that aren't introduced into the BSL-4 laboratory via the trade room, must be delivered in via a formerly decontaminated double-door autoclave, fumigation chamber, or airlock. After securing the outer doors, personnel within the laboratory retrieve the materials by establishing the indoors doorways of the autoclave, fumigation chamber, or airlock. those doors should be secured after materials are brought into the ability. The doors of the autoclave or fumigation chamber are interlocked in a manner that prevents opening of the outer door unless the autoclave or fumigation chamber has been operated via a decontamination cycle. Most effective vital system and substances should be stored inside the BSL-four laboratory. All device and components taken in the laboratory need to be decontaminated before elimination from the laboratory.
• Animals and plant life now not related to the paintings being carried out a need to no longer be accepted inside the laboratory.
• Removal of biological substances which might be to remain in a feasible or intact state from the laboratory has to be transferred to a non-breakable, sealed number one field after which enclosed in a non-breakable, sealed secondary container. those substances ought to be transferred via a disinfectant dunk tank, fumigation chamber, or decontamination shower. as soon as removed, packaged feasible cloth ought to now not be opened outside BSL-4 containment unless inactivated by means of a proven technique.
• Laboratory equipment must are mechanically decontaminated, as well as after spills, splashes, or different ability infection.
• Spills concerning infectious materials should be contained, decontaminated, and wiped clean up with the aid of the suitable expert team of workers, or others properly educated and equipped to work with infectious fabric. A spill manner must be developed and posted in the laboratory.
• The device should be decontaminated using a powerful and established approach earlier than repair, maintenance, or removal from the laboratory. The interior of the magnificence III cabinet in addition to all contaminated plenums, fanatics and filters ought to be decontaminated using a proven gaseous or vapor method.
• Device or fabric that is probably damaged by way of excessive temperatures or steam has to be decontaminated the use of an effective and proven procedure along with a gaseous or vapor approach in an airlock or chamber designed for this reason.
• Incidents that may result in publicity to infectious substances should be right now evaluated and treated consistently with processes defined in the laboratory biosafety manual. All incidents have to be suggested to the laboratory manager, institutional management, and suitable Laboratory Biosafety level standards.
• Laboratory employees as defined within the laboratory biosafety manual. Clinical assessment, surveillance, and remedy have to be provided and suitable statistics maintained.
• Daily inspections of crucial containment and life guide systems ought to be completed and documented before laboratory work is initiated to ensure that the laboratory is operating in line with mounted parameters.
• Practical and powerful protocols for emergency situations must be mounted. these protocols have to encompass plans for clinical emergencies, facility malfunctions, fires, get away from animals within the laboratory, and other potential emergencies. schooling in emergency response techniques needs to be supplied to emergency reaction personnel and different responsible personnel according to institutional rules.

Classification of microorganism according to risk group

The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that every country draws up hazard organizations according to the microorganisms encountered inside it’s boundaries. The following risk organization classification is for microorganisms which can be infectious for human beings and animals.

Risk group one- (low person and community chance)

A microorganism, or fabric containing microorganisms, which can be already present within the environment, and are not likely to cause human, plant, insect or animal disorder, disrupt an area or an industry.

Risk group two- (moderate person danger, constrained community risk)

A microorganism, or material containing microorganisms, that could reason human, plant, insect or animal disorder, however, is not going to be an extreme hazard to laboratory workers, the network, livestock, or the environment. Laboratory exposures may reason infection, however, powerful remedy and preventive measures are to be had, and the hazard of spread is confined. Consists of human opportunistic pathogens.

Risk group- three–(excessive man or woman danger, limited community threat)

A microorganism, or fabric containing microorganisms, that normally reasons extreme human, plant, insect or animal disorder and might present a critical risk to laboratory people. It could present a hazard if unfold within the network, in a vicinity, to the cattle enterprise or the surroundings, but there are normally effective preventive measures or remedy to be had.

Risk group four–(high individual and network risk)

A microorganism, or cloth containing microorganisms, that normally produces life-threatening human, plant, insect or animal sickness, represents an extreme hazard to laboratory employees. It presents a substantial risk if spread within the community, in a place, to the livestock industry or the surroundings and may be with ease transmissible from one man or woman to any other. It's far frequently amazing, and powerful remedy and preventive measures are not normally available.

Human and animal infectious microorganisms

Classification is based totally on the pathogenicity of the agent, mode of transmission and host variety of agent, availability of powerful preventative measures and availability of effective remedies.

Plant infectious microorganisms

The category is involved with the containment of plant pathogens to avoid risks to the surroundings and considers factors including the potential to spread, whether or not they are endemic in individual, and the host variety. They encompass fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, rickettsiae, phytoplasmas and nematodes,such as risk businesses 1 to four).

References:

D greenwood, Slack RCB and J Peutherer.Medical microbiology.2001.

JG College, AG Fraser and BP Marmion.Practical Medical microbiology.Fourteenth Edition. Churchill Livingstone, 1996.

JP Micheal, ECS Chan and NR Krieg.Microbiology.Fifth Edition. Delhi: Mcgraw-hill, 1993.

M Cheesbrugh.Medical laboratory manual for tropical countries.London, 2007.