International Classification of Diseases

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is designed to promote the international comparability in the collection, processing, classification, and presentation of the mortality statistics including a format for reporting causes of death on the death certificates. The reported classification are then translated into medical codes through the use of the classification structure and the selection and modification rules contained in the applicable revision of the ICD, published by the World Health Organization (WHO). These coding rules improve the usefulness of mortality statistics by giving preference to the certain categories, by consolidating conditions,by systematically selecting a single cause of death from a reported sequence of conditions. The single selected cause is called an underlying cause of death, and the other reported causes are the non-underlying causes of the death. The combination of underlying and non-underlying causes is the multiple causes of the death. The ICD has been revised periodically to incorporate changes in the medical field. The Tenth Revision (ICD-10), 2003 is the latest revision of the ICD. The following are the outline of the classification of infectious and non-infectious diseases according to ICD-10:

1. Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

Streptococcus, Staphylococcus,andEnterococcus,Hiv, viral, agents, nosocomial infections, sepsis.

2. Neoplasms

3. Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism

Intraoperative and postprocedural hematologic and immune system complications.

4. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases

Diabetes mellitus, intraoperative and postprocedural endocrine system complications

5. Mental and behavioral disorders

Alcohol and drug abuse, dementia with behavioral disturbance

6. Disease of nervous system

Parkinson's disease, dementia, intraoperative and postprocedural nervous system complications

7. Disease of the eye and adnexa

Intraoperative and postprocedural ophthalmologic complications

8. Diseases of the ear and mastoid process

Intraoperative and postprocedural auditory system complications

9. Disease of circulatory system

Rheumatic heart disease, hypertension (hypertensive heart disease, hypertensive renal disease etc.), atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and angina, initial and subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiac arrest, cerebrovascular occlusion and stenosis and cerebral infarction, stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarction, sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, intraoperative and postprocedural circulatory system complications.

10. Disease of respiratory system

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), nosocomial respiratory infections, intraoperative and postprocedural respiratory system complications.

11. Diseases of digestive system

Ulcers, Crohn's disease/ulcerative colitis, intraoperative and postprocedural digestive system complications.

12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

External cause, decubitus ulcers and non-decubitus chronic ulcers of thelower limb, intraoperative and postprocedural dermatologic complications.

13. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

Acute/chronic/recurrent musculoskeletal conditions, osteoporosis, intraoperative and postprocedural musculoskeletal system complications, andpathologic fracture in neoplastic disease.

14. Disease of the genitourinary system

Renal failure, infertility, hyperplasia of prostate, hypertensive renal disease, intraoperative and postprocedural genitourinary system complications.

15. Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium

Complications of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage and other abnormal products of conception, multiple gestations, HIV in a pregnant patient, gestational diabetes, pre-existing conditions versus conditions due to the pregnancy, pre-existing hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, maternal care for fetal conditions, fetal care, outcome of delivery, intrauterine death versus stillbirth, encounter for full-term uncomplicated delivery, encounter for cesarean delivery without indication, routine parental visits, encounter for termination of pregnancy, the postpartum period, sequelae of complication of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, encounter for the contraceptive and the procreative management, encounter for antenatal screening.

16. Certain conditions originating in the newborn (perinatal) period

Liveborn infant according to aplace of birth and type of delivery, newborn (suspected to be) affected by maternal conditions, congenital anomalies in newborn, prematurity and low birth weight, low birth weight and immaturity status, newborn affected by intrauterine procedure, stillbirth.

17. Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

Severe sepsis and septic shock, encounter for pain management, falling, Glasgow coma scale, death NOS

18. Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes

Superficial and open wounds, fractures, crush injuries, amputations, spinal cord injuries, burns and corrosions, poisoning, toxic effects, adverse effects and underdosing, adult and child abuse, neglect and other maltreatment, abuse and other maltreatment in a pregnant patient, mechanical complications, organ transplantation complications.

19. External causes of morbidity

Unintentional (accidental) injuries: transport accidents, falls, struck by or caught between objects, contact with objects, firearms, explosions, exposure to animate and inanimate mechanical forces and other external causes, non-transport, drowning and submersion, smoke, fire and flames, cataclysms, and other forces of nature.

International self-harm: assaults, undetermined intent, legal interventions, operations of war/military operations, terrorism, complications of medical and surgical care.

20. Factors influencing health status and contact with health service

Factors influencing health status and contact with health services are provided to deal with occasions when circumstances other than a disease or injury classifiable to the above-mentioned diseases as a reason for encounters with a health care provider. There are four primary circumstances:

1. When a person who is not currently sick has a health care encounter for some specific reason, such as, to act as an organ donor, to receive prophylactic care, such as inoculations or health screenings, or to receive counseling on a health related issue.
2. When a person with a resolving disease or injury or a chronic, long-term condition requiring continuous care has a health care encounter for specific aftercare of that disease or injury, such as dialysis for renal disease or chemotherapy for a malignancy.
3. When circumstances or problems influence a person's health status but are not in themselves a current illness or injury.
4. For newborns, to indicate birth status.

Reference

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