Azotobacter

Role of Liquid Azospirillum under field conditions

• Stimulates increase and imparts inexperienced coloration which is a characteristic of a wholesome plant.
• Aids usage of potash, phosphorous and different vitamins.
• Inspire plumpness and succulence of fruits and growth protein percentage.

Role of Azospirillum within the field

• No growth advertising activity
• Yellowish green coloration of leaves, which shows no fixation of Nitrogen

Azotobacter

It's miles the vital and well-known unfastened residing nitrogen solving aerobic bacterium. It is used as a Bio-Fertilizer for all nonleguminous flora especially rice, cotton, greens and so forth. Azotobacter cells aren't present at the rhizoplane however are considerable inside the rhizosphere region. The dearth of organic count inside the soil is a restricting component for the proliferation of Azotobaceter in the soil.

Field experiments had been conducted in 1992, 1993 and 1994 during the pre-Kharif wet seasons to discover the impact on rice grain yield via the blended use of N- solving organisms and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer which recorded growth in changed into yield.

Physical functions of liquid Azotobacter

The pigmentation that is produced by way of Azotobacter in elderly culture is melanin that's because of oxidation of tyrosine by way of tyrosinase an enzyme which has copper. The shade may be noted in liquid bureaucracy. A number of the pigmentation are described below-

• A. chroococcum: Produces brown-black pigmentation in the liquid inoculum.
• A. beijerinchii: Produces yellow- mild brown pigmentation in liquid inoculum
• A. vinelandii: Produces green fluorescent pigmentation in the liquid inoculum.
• A. paspali: Produces green fluorescent pigmentation in the liquid inoculum.
• A. macrocytogenes: Produces, crimson pigmentation in the liquid inoculum.
• A. insignis: Produces less, gum less, grayish-blue pigmentation in liquid inoculum.
• A. agilies: Produces green-fluorescent pigmentation in liquid inoculum.

Role of liquid Azotobacter in tissue culture

The study was carried out by Dr. Senthil et al (2004) on sugarcane range CO 86032 in Tissue culture Laboratories of Rajashree Sugars and chemical compounds Ltd, Varadaraj Nagar, Theni, Tamilnadu. The liquid bioinoculants were provided with the aid of Dr. Krishnan Chandra, local Director, RCOF, Bangalore to evaluate their growth promoting results on sugarcane micropropagation. He recorded Biometric observations like Plant top, leaf length, width, root length, no of roots. Chemical parameters –Protein, Carbohydrates, N, P,k general biomass and concluded as follows:

• The performance of Azotobacter liquid inoculant changed color
• Comparatively higher than all of the treatments in 10 % MS medium accompanied Azospirillum.
• The overall performance of Azotobacter liquid inoculant was relatively higher than all the treatments followed with the aid of Azosopirillum for the growth of the polybag sugarcane seedlings.

Role of liquid Azotobacter as a Biocontrol agent

Azotobacter has been observed to provide a few antifungal substance which inhibits the increase of a few soil fungi like Aspergillus, Fusarium, Curvularia, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Fusarium and so forth.

Acetobacter

This is a sacharophillic bacteria and associate with sugarcane, sweet potato and candy sorghum flora and fixes 30 kgs/ N/ ha-yr. Especially this bacterium is commercialized for sugarcane crop. It is regarded to increase yield with the aid of 10-20 t/ acre and sugar content by means of approximately 10-15 percent.

Effect of liquid Acetobacter diazotrophicus on sugarcane

In South India use of Azospirillum and Phospho-bacterium on the cash, crop sugarcane is a regular practice for the past few years with a saving of almost 20 % of chemical nitrogen and phosphate packages. Now, it has been pronounced that a microorganism Acetobacter diazotrophicus which is present inside the sugarcane stem, leaves, soils have a capability to restoration as much as three hundred kgs of nitrogen. This bacteria first pronounced in brazil where the farmers cultivate sugarcane in very terrible sub-soil fertilized with Phosphate, Potassium, and microelements alone, could produce yield for 3 consecutive harvests, with none nitrogen fertilizer. They have got recorded yield 182- 244 tones in step. This results in the idea that lively nitrogen solving bacteria has related in the plant.

Liquid Bio-fertilizer process

There are three approaches to the use of Liquid Bio-fertilizers

1. Seed treatment
2. Root dipping
3. Soil utility

Seed remedy

Seed remedy is a most commonplace approach followed for all kinds of inoculants. The seed treatment is powerful and economic. For a few seeds (as much as five kgs quantity) the coating can achieve in a plastic bag. For this reason, a plastic bag having the length (21” x 10”) or huge size may be used. The bag must be full of 2 kg or extra of seeds. The bag has to be closed in one of this manner to trap the airs as a whole lot as viable. The bag ought to be squeezed for two minutes or greater until all the seed is uniformly wetted. Then the bag is opened, inflated once more and shook lightly. Stop shaking after each seed gets a uniform layer of culture coating. The bag is opened and the seed is dried beneath the color for 20-30 minutes. For the big amount of seeds, the coating may be completed in a bucket and inoculant may be blended immediately with hand. Seed remedy with Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, in conjunction with PSM may be carried out.

The seed treatment can be carried out with any of or extra microorganism. There may be no facet (hostile) impact. The vital matters that has to be stored in thoughts are that the seeds ought to be coated first with Rhizobium, Azotobacter or Azospirillum. When every seed gets a layer of above microorganism then PSM inoculant has to be lined as the outer layer. This approach will provide the maximum wide variety of each bacteria required for higher consequences. Remedies of seed with any two microorganisms will no longer provide the maximum wide variety of microorganism on character seed.

Root dipping

For a process of Azospirillum /PSM on paddy transplanting/ vegetable crops, this approach is used. The desired amount of Azospirillum/PSM needs to be mixed with 5-10 liters of water at one nook of the field and the roots of seedlings must be dipped for a minimum of half-an-hour earlier than transplantation.

Soil application

Use 200ml of PSM per acre. Mix PSM with four hundred to six hundred kgs of Cow dung FYM at the side of the half bag of rock phosphate if available. The combination of PSM, cow dung, and rock phosphate have to be kept under any tree or below color for overnight and hold 50% moisture. Use the mixture as soil application in rows or at some stage in leveling of soil.

Equipment required for Biofertilizer production

In biofertilizer manufacturing enterprise, equipment are the foremost infrastructure, which involves 70 percentage of capital funding. Any compromise on the usage of the following mentioned equipment may additionally subsequently decline in the pleasant of biofertilizer.After analyzing the precept at the back of the use of all units, some of the units may be replaced with a culture room geared up with a U.V.Lamp. Autoclaves, warm Air Oven, Incubators, and sealing machines are indigenously made with right technical specifications. An appropriate use of equipment will give uninterrupted advent with exceptional inoculum.

References

Cassida, L.E Jr.Industrial microbiology.New age into publishers, 1996.

I, Stever.Biochemistry.new york Wall freeman company, 1995.

JE, Smith.Biotechnology.Sinauer Association, 2000.

Nelson, D L and M M Cox.Leininger Principle of Biochemistry.Fifth. Freeman publication, 2004.