Climate and vegetation of Nepal

Climate of Nepal

Climatic conditions of Nepal differ from one place to other in accordance with their geographical elements. Within the north, summers are cool and winters extreme, at the same time within the south summers are tropical and winters are slight. Nepal has 5 seasons: spring, summer time, monsoon, autumn and winter. In the south Nepal, summer temperatures exceed 37° C and greater in some areas, winter temperatures range from 7°C to 23°C within the south Nepal. In mountainous areas, hills and valleys summers are temperate even as winter the weather temperatures can plummet under sub-zero. The Kathmandu Valley has a nice local weather with average summer and wintry weather temperatures of 19°C – 35°C and a pair of °C – 12°C respectively, even though the common width of Nepal is best about 200m, it comprises an excellent topographical range and assorted altitude ensuing tremendous climatic differences. Accordingly, you'll be able to believe a diverse style of vegetation and climate even in a single day walk. Nepal’s climate condition will depend on the season and altitude of the location. Climate can be predicted and stays great in Nepal.

Nepal experiences 4 seasons

(a) Spring March-may

Spring season begins from March and finish in May. Days are heated with hazy mornings and temperature fluctuates between 20 °C - 30° C (sixty-eight°F to 86° F). This season can be excellent for trekking on this season because the ascending altitudes will get a colorful appearance by way of Rhododendron blooms and piled up snow begins to soften in the bigger altitudes.

(b)Summer time June-August

Summer begins from June and finishes in August. Nepal gets rainfall due to monsoon and summer is pre-monsoon and monsoon months with occasional night thunderstorms and hot temperature. At the duration of the monsoon, it rains almost daily and visibility is bad. Nevertheless, the opening days of summer time are warm and humid, you will have a better threat to discuss with Everest field, however, the late summer season is wet and satisfactory to trek the areas like Mustang as the areas lie in rain shadow.

(c) Autumn September-November

Autumn is busiest visitor season in Nepal. Many trekkers and climbers decide on autumn as first-rate time for journeying Nepal. During the season, days are clear with nice weather, visibility is just right, least rain, humids in festive temper, mild temperature fluctuating between 20° C to 30° C (sixty-eight° F to 86° F). This is the equal season when the primary festivals of Nepali, principally Hindu, Dashain, Tihar and Chhat are celebrated.

(d) Winter weather December-February.

Wintry weather days are almost always clear, morning and evening are bloodless and afternoon is pretty sunny. The greater altitudes get occasional snowfalls. The season matches to trek handiest in the diminish elevations. The temperature falls even diminish than a freezing point in mountain areas and fluctuates between zero° C to twenty° C in valleys like Kathmandu.

Traditional temperatures and rainfall during height summer and winter weather in three most trendy tourist areas:

Natural vegetation in Nepal

The trees, forests, trees and the grasses that grow themselves are often called common vegetation. Normal vegetation depends on the land and the climate. The major varieties of average vegetation in Nepal are given under:

Sub-Tropical Evergreen woodland:Thevariety of traditional vegetation is found from the northern Terai to Chure variety. The fundamental trees are teak, cane and so on. Bamboo and elephant grass is also developing right here. Temperate Deciduous forests: this type of normal vegetation is found within the Hilly region north to the Sub-Tropical Evergreen wooded area. Pine, beech, elm, and rhododendron are found her temperate coniferous Evergreen wooded area: this variety of traditional vegetation grows in Mahabharata ranges. The bushes listed here are cones. Pine, fir determined here Alpine vegetation: this sort of normal vegetation grows in the Himalayan neighborhood where the local weather is bloodless and dry throughout the year. There are not any tall bushes here. Tundra vegetation: it's determined within the bigger Himalayan which is blanketed with snow. Most effective moss and lichen grow here

Tropical belt (below 1,000 m altitude):

• The vegetation is dominated quite often by means of Shore Robusta in the organization with Terminalia alata, Lager stroma parviflora, Adina cord folia, Cassia fistula, Eugenia spp and colossal lianas like Bauhinia vahlii, Milletia spp and so forth.
• About 1500 species of flowering vegetation, of which 29 are endemic, occur in this zone.
• This belt is concerning the Indian and Southeast Asia-Malaysian region.

Subtropical belt (1,000-2,000 m altitude):

• The plant life is represented via 2,028 species of flowering vegetation together with 50 endemics.
• The cut-down part of this belt is regarding the Indian and South-East Asia-Malaysian vicinity, even as the higher one is intently concerning the Sino-Japanese area.

Temperate belt (2000-3000 m altitude):

• This belt is characterized by means of evergreen all right, rhododendrons, conifers and many others with deciduous maples and magnolias. The attribute species in the huge-leaved forests of this belt are: Quercus seme carpi folia, Q. Lamellosa, Q. Glauca, Daphniphyllum Himalayans, Magnolia camp bellini (in east and significant Nepal),Quercus dilatata, Aesculus indica, Juglans regia (in west Nepal). Pinus wallichiana, Picea smithiana, Cedrus deodara, Abies pindrow and Tsuga dumosa are the common conifers within the needle-leaved wooded area. The related tree species are Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia ovalifolia, Carpinus viminea, Taxus baccata, Betula alnoides and many others.
• Alnus nepalensis forest is long-established in the mid-mountainous Himalayan ecosystem extending from 1,300 to 2, seven hundred m. The species can quickly colonise in barren slopes newly exposed by way of landslides or erosion.
• 1,990 species are recorded from this belt including 113 endemics.

Sub-Alpine belt (3000-4000 m altitude):

• Characteristic species: Abies spectabilis and Betula utilis. Associated species are Acer caudatum, A. Pectinatum, Sorbus cuspidata, S. Microphylla, S. Foliolosa and so on.
• This belt, at the side of the Alpine and Nival belts, is related to the vital Asiatic vicinity.
• This belt residences 1,645 species including 177 endemic species of flowering plants.

Alpine and Nival belts (3,000-4,000 m altitude):

• The shrubby vegetation is generally dominated via rhododendron timber. Other usual shrub includes Potentilla fructicosa, Hippophe rhamnoides, Berberis spp. And so forth. The fashioned low herbs are primroses, gentians, poppies, buttercups and so forth. Loose vegetation is typically composed of cushions of Arenaria, Androsace, Waldhamia and many others.
• The subject above 5,000 m is ordinarily covered by using permanent snow. Nonetheless, hardy and severe bloodless resistant vegetation are determined within the sunny rock crevices. Stellaria decumbence and Parry lanuginose have been recorded at an elevation of around 6,100 m.
• 1,075 species of flowering plants with one hundred ninety species endemic are stated from this belt.

References

Flippo, Edwin B. Personnel Management. London: Oxford Press, 1980.

Gynwal, Ram Prasad. Know Nepal. Kathmandu: Bhundipuran Prakashan, 2012.

Hamilton, Francis B. An Account of the Kingdom of Nepal. New Delhi: Manjushri Publishing House, 1971.

Heywood, Andrew. Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

http://newworldatlas.blogspot.com/2011/09/nepal-natural-vegetation.html

http://www.raonline.ch/pages/np/npcli_ktm01.html