United Nations Organizations and Its Organs

United Nations Organization

US President Franklin D Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met in the Atlantic Ocean and decided to prevent the world from any type of war and to maintain collective peace and security throughout the world. So, a treaty called ' Atlantic Charter' was signed in the Atlantic Ocean. 4 years after the treaty was signed, on 24th October 1945, 15 countries formally established UNO which headquarter is in New York, USA.

Objectives of UNO

1. To maintain international peace and security
2. To develop friendly relations with nations on the basis of respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of people.
3. To cooperate in international, social, cultural, economic, human rights and to promote human and fundamental rights
4. To be the centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attainment of achieving goal

Organs of the UNO

The UNO has 6 organs. They are explained as follows: -

1. General Assembly: It is the parliament of the UN. It is represented by all the member states. Every member states can send 5 representatives, but it can cast only one vote. Its main functions are to pass the budget of the UN, discuss international issues, amend the Charter if required and elect the members to the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council.
2. Security Council: It is the executive of the UN. It has 5 permanent and 10 temporary members elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years. Its main functions are to maintain world peace, recommend for the membership of new nations and make recommendations for the appointment of Secretary General and judges.
3. The Economic and Social Council: It attempts to create the world stability, prosperity, and justice. It has 54 member states elected by the General Assembly for a 3-year term. It works as per the direction of the General Assembly. It deals with the problems related to society, education, health, culture and economy.
4. Trusteeship Council: According to the Charter, this organ works for the development and cooperation between the nations which were created after World War II or for the nations which could not work independently. It has 7 administrative and 7 non-administrative members. It consists of 5 permanent nations, administrative nations of trust areas and other nations elected for three years.
5. International Court of Justice: It is the chief judicial organ of the UN. It has 15 judges elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council for a term of 9 years. The judges can be re-elected. Five judges vacate their posts every 3 years. It settles the disputes among the nations. Its headquarters is situated in the Hague, Holland.
6. Secretariat: There is a secretariat which runs the day-to-day administration of the UN. It has a Secretary General elected by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a term of 5 years. It conducts various activities to maintain peace, organizes international conferences for important worldwide issues, and publishes reports regarding human rights, situation, disarmament etc.