Preventive Measure of Landslide and Flood

Those disasters, which are mainly caused by nature, are called natural disaster. This note provides us with an information about flood and landslide.

Summary

Those disasters, which are mainly caused by nature, are called natural disaster. This note provides us with an information about flood and landslide.

Things to Remember

  • Those disasters, which are mainly caused by nature, are called natural disaster.
  • The overflow of water in rivers, oceans etc. that enters into human settlement and causes great harm is called flood.
  • The sliding down of a piece of land under the force of gravitational pull on a mountain or hillside is called landslide.

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Subjective Questions

Q1:

What is profit and loss account?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>Profit and loss account is the second step of final accounts. It is prepared to ascertain the net profit or the net loss of the business during the accounting period. It is prepared after the preparation of trading account. It is prepared by transferring gross profit or gross loss from the trading account. Hence, profit and loss account is a financial statement, which helps to know the operating result of the business. It is prepared in the form of ledger.</p> <p>According to S. Mukharjee,&ldquo;Profit and loss account is a statement which summarizes all indirect revenue expenses in one side which is compared with gross profit/ revenue incomes in another side and net trading income of an accounting period is assessed.&rdquo;</p> <p>From the above definition, it is clear that profit and loss account is a financial statement, which helps to know the operating result of the business. It is prepared in the form of ledger.</p> <p></p>

Q2:

What are the importance and advantages of profit and loss account?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>Profit and loss account is essential to determine the operating result of the business. It helps to examine the operating efficiency of the business. The importance and advantages of profit and loss account are as follows: -</p> <ol><li>It helps to determine the amount of net profit or net loss made by the business during the particular period of time.</li> <li>It helps to know the amount of office and administrative expenses, selling and distributing expenses, financial expenses and other expenses and losses.</li> <li>It helps to know the percentage of net profit on sales.</li> <li>It helps to determine the percentage of operating expenses on sales.</li> <li>It helps to determine the tax liability of the business.</li> <li>It helps to prepare plans and policies by making a comparative study of net profit, indirect incomes, and indirect expenses.</li> </ol>

Q3:

State any two objectives of preparing profit and loss account.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>Any two objectives of preparng profit and loss account are as follows:</p> <ul><li>To know the amount of net profit or net loss.</li> <li>To provide information about office and administrative expenses.</li> </ul>

Q4:

State any two advantages of profit and loss account.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>Any two advantages of profit and loss account are as follows:</p> <ol><li>It helps to determine the amount of net profit or net loss made by the business during the particular period of time.</li> <li>It helps to know the amount of office and administrative expenses, selling and distributing expenses, financial expenses and other expenses and losses.</li> </ol>

Q5:

What are financial expenses?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>The expenses, which are incurred for fulfilling the financial need of the business, are known as financial expenses. These expenses include interest on loan, interest on bank overdraft, bank charges etc.</p>

Q6:

What are selling and distributing expenses?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>Expenses, which are incurred in the process of selling and distributing the goods, are known as selling and distributing expenses. It includes the expenses like warehouse expenses, carriage on sales, packing expenses, commission on sales, advertising, travelling expenses etc.</p>

Q7:

What are office and administrative expenses?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>All the expenses, which are incurred in the process of operating the business, are known as office and administrative expenses. It includes the expenses like office salaries, printing and stationary expenses, legal expenses, telephone and electricity charges, office rent, audit fees, insurance premium etc.</p>

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Profit and loss Account
Profit and Loss Account
Preventive Measure of Landslide and Flood

Preventive Measure of Landslide and Flood

Those disasters, which are mainly caused by nature, are called the natural disaster. They are geographical and meteorological. Deforestation, landslides, flood, volcano etc. are some examples of natural disaster.

Flood

The overflow of water in rivers, oceans etc. that enters into human settlement and causes great harm is called flood. Rain is not only the cause of the flood. But in the context of Nepal, rain is regarded as the main agent that causes the flood.

Preventive measures of flood

Some major preventive measures of flood are as follows:

  1. Construction of a dyke (flood embankments) parallel to the rivers is preferred for the blockage of the flood.
  2. Intensive grazing and deforestation must be controlled.
  3. The glacial lakes, which seem to possess the possibility of outburst should be identified and drained out to minimise damage.
  4. We should conduct various educational programmes to aware people.
  5. Flood measuring stations should be made at flood regions.

Landslide

The sliding down of a piece of land under the force of the gravitational pull of a mountain or hillside is called the landslide. Landslide is a natural process in which rocks debris or parts of land move downwards under the force of gravity.

Preventive measure of landslide

Some major methods of preventing landslide are as follows:

  1. Afforestation should be promoted and intensive grazing by domestic animals should be avoided.
  2. Construction of roads and dams should be restricted to fragile areas.
  3. People should be aware of the cause of the landslide.
  4. Terrace farming on the hills slows down the rate of landslides.

Lesson

Environmental Degradation and its Conservation

Subject

Science

Grade

Grade 8

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