Land and Noise Pollution

Human actions have also caused many large areas of land to lose or reduce their capacity to support life forms and ecosystems. This is known as land degradation. This note provides us with an information on land and sound pollution.

Summary

Human actions have also caused many large areas of land to lose or reduce their capacity to support life forms and ecosystems. This is known as land degradation. This note provides us with an information on land and sound pollution.

Things to Remember

  • Human actions have also caused many large areas of land to lose or reduce their capacity to support life forms and ecosystems. This is known as land degradation.
  • Noise is considered as environmental pollution, even though it is thought to have less damage on humans than water, air or land pollution.
    Industry produces lots of noise during the use of mills and other metal gadgets.
  • Wastage produced by hospitals, industries, and houses are thrown on land. Due to lack of proper garbage disposal, land gets polluted.
  • Farmers use different fertilisers on their farm which may improve the quantity of crop but degrade the quality of the crop.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

Arjun measured all 7 markers in his set of art supplies. They had lengths of:

8.6 centimeters, 8.5 centimeters, 8.5 centimeters, 8.4 centimeters, 8.4 centimeters,  8.1 centimeters, 8.1 centimeters   

What was the median length of the markers?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:</p> <div> <table><tbody><tr><td>8.1</td> <td></td> <td>8.1</td> <td></td> <td>8.4</td> <td></td> <td>8.4</td> <td></td> <td>8.5</td> <td></td> <td>8.5</td> <td></td> <td>8.6</td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Now find the number in the middle.</p> <table><tbody><tr><td>8.1</td> <td></td> <td>8.1</td> <td></td> <td>8.4</td> <td></td> <td>8.4</td> <td></td> <td>8.5</td> <td></td> <td>8.5</td> <td></td> <td>8.6</td> </tr></tbody></table><p>Hence, The number in the middle is 8.4. The median length of the markers was 8.4 centimeters.</p>

Q2:

What is the median?

-5   -3   -4   -5   -9   -5   -8   0


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest. Remember that with negative numbers, larger numbers like -9 (if you ignore the minus sign) are less than smaller numbers. </p> <div id="yui_3_14_0_3_1457937806126_76"> <table><tbody><tr><td>-9</td> <td></td> <td>-8</td> <td></td> <td>-5</td> <td></td> <td>-5</td> <td></td> <td>-5</td> <td></td> <td>-4</td> <td></td> <td>-3</td> <td></td> <td>0</td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <p>There is an even number of numbers, so there are two numbers in the middle.</p> <div> <table><tbody><tr><td>-9</td> <td></td> <td>-8</td> <td></td> <td>-5</td> <td></td> <td>-5</td> <td></td> <td>-5</td> <td></td> <td>-4</td> <td></td> <td>-3</td> <td></td> <td>0</td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The median is the mean of the two middle numbers. Find the mean of -5 and -5.</p> <div>-5 + -5 = -10<br>-10 &divide; 2 = -5</div> <div><br>Hence, The median is -5.</div>

Q3:

A mechanic measured the voltage of 9 car batteries. The voltages were:

9.3 volts,  9.8 volts,  9.8 volts, 9.3 volts, 9.3 volts, 9.1 volts, 9.9 volts, 9.5 volts, 9.1 volts

What was the median voltage?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>First, arrange the numbers from least to greatest:<br><br></p> <div> <table><tbody><tr><td>9.1</td> <td></td> <td>9.1</td> <td></td> <td>9.3</td> <td></td> <td>9.3</td> <td></td> <td>9.3</td> <td></td> <td>9.5</td> <td></td> <td>9.8</td> </tr><tr><td>9.8</td> <td></td> <td>9.9</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Now find the number in the middle.</p> <div> <table><tbody><tr><td>9.1</td> <td></td> <td>9.1</td> <td></td> <td>9.3</td> <td></td> <td>9.3</td> <td></td> <td>9.3</td> <td></td> <td>9.5</td> <td></td> <td>9.8</td> </tr><tr><td>9.8</td> <td></td> <td>9.9</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The number in the middle is 9.3.</p> <p>Hence, The median voltage was 9.3 volts.</p>

Q4:

Find the median of given data: 10, 14, 16, 20, 22, 25, 28


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <p>Here, Given data is 10 ,14, 16,. 20, 22, 25, 28</p> <p>Numbers of terms(n) = 7</p> <p>We have, Median =( \(\frac{n+1}{2}\))<sup>th </sup>item</p> <p>( \(\frac{7+1}{2}\))<sup>th </sup>item</p> <p>= (\(\frac{8}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= 4<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>\(\therefore\) The median of the given data is 20.</p>

Q5:

Find the median of the given data: 2, 16, 12, 10, 24, 28, 30, 32


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <p>Arranging the data in ascending order</p> <p>10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 , 30, 32</p> <p>Number of terms(n) = 8</p> <p>We have,</p> <p>Median = (\(\frac{n+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (\(\frac{8+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (\(\frac{9}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (4.5)<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>Now,</p> <p>Median = mean of 4<sup>th</sup> item and 5<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= \(\frac{20+24}{2}\)</p> <p>= \(\frac{44}{2}\)</p> <p>= 22</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Median = 22</p>

Q6:

Find the median of the given data:

x 10 15 20 25 30
f 2 4 6 5 4

Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="170"><tbody><tr><td>x</td> <td>f</td> <td>c.f</td> </tr><tr><td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> </tr><tr><td>15</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> </tr><tr><td>20</td> <td>6</td> <td>12</td> </tr><tr><td>25</td> <td>5</td> <td>17</td> </tr><tr><td>30</td> <td>4</td> <td>21</td> </tr><tr><td></td> <td>N = 21</td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><p>We have,</p> <p>Median = value of (\(\frac{n+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of (\(\frac{21+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of 11<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>In c.f. just greater than 11 is 12 and its corresponding value is 20.</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Median is 20.</p>

Q7:

Find the median from the given data:

Age (in yrs) 0-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20
No. of students 2 4 8 6 2

Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="229"><tbody><tr><td>Class</td> <td>Frequency</td> <td>c.f.</td> </tr><tr><td>0-4</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> </tr><tr><td>4-8</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> </tr><tr><td>8-12</td> <td>8</td> <td>14</td> </tr><tr><td>12-16</td> <td>6</td> <td>20</td> </tr><tr><td>16-20</td> <td>2</td> <td>22</td> </tr><tr><td></td> <td>N=22</td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>Here, \(\frac{N}{2}\) = \(\frac{22}{2}\) =11</p> <p>Median Class = value of (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (11)<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (8-12)</p> <p>Here,</p> <p><em>l</em> = 8, (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item = 11, c.f.= 6, f = 8, i= 4</p> <p>Now,</p> <p>median = l + \(\frac{\frac{N}{2}&minus; c.f}{f}\) &times; i</p> <p>= 8 + \(\frac{11&minus;6}{8}\) &times;4</p> <p>= 8+\(\frac{5}{8}\) &times;4</p> <p>= 8+ 2.5</p> <p>= 10.5</p> <p>\(\therefore\) median =10.5</p> <p></p>

Q8:

Find the median from the given data:

Marks 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
Frequency 20 30 50 40 10

Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="231"><tbody><tr><td>Marks</td> <td>Frequency</td> <td>c.f.</td> </tr><tr><td>5-10</td> <td>20</td> <td>20</td> </tr><tr><td>10-15</td> <td>30</td> <td>50</td> </tr><tr><td>15-20</td> <td>50</td> <td>100</td> </tr><tr><td>20-25</td> <td>40</td> <td>140</td> </tr><tr><td>25-30</td> <td>10</td> <td>150</td> </tr><tr><td></td> <td>N=150</td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>Here, \(\frac{N}{2}\) = \(\frac{150}{2}\) =75</p> <p>Median Class = value of (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (75)<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (15-20)</p> <p><em>l</em> = 15, (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item = 75, c.f.= 50, f = 50, i= 5</p> <p>Now,</p> <p>median = l + \(\frac{\frac{N}{2}&minus; c.f}{f}\) &times; i</p> <p>=15 + \(\frac{75&minus;50}{50}\) &times;5</p> <p>= 15+\(\frac{25}{50}\) &times;5</p> <p>= 15+2.5</p> <p>= 17.5</p> <p>\(\therefore\) median =17.5</p> <p></p>

Q9:

Find the median from the given data:

x    0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
f 3 6 8 10 15 12 6

Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="225"><tbody><tr><td>x</td> <td>f</td> <td>c.f.</td> </tr><tr><td>0-10</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> </tr><tr><td>10-20</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> </tr><tr><td>20-30</td> <td>8</td> <td>17</td> </tr><tr><td>30-40</td> <td>10</td> <td>27</td> </tr><tr><td>40-50</td> <td>15</td> <td>42</td> </tr><tr><td>50-60</td> <td>12</td> <td>54</td> </tr><tr><td>60-70</td> <td>6</td> <td>60</td> </tr><tr><td></td> <td>N=60</td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>Here, \(\frac{N}{2}\) = \(\frac{60}{2}\) =30</p> <p>Median Class = value of (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (30)<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= (40-50)</p> <p>Here,</p> <p><em>l</em> = 40, (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item = 30, c.f.= 27, f =15, i=10</p> <p>Now,</p> <p>median = l + \(\frac{\frac{N}{2}&minus; c.f}{f}\) &times; i</p> <p>=40 + \(\frac{30&minus;27}{15}\) &times;10</p> <p>= 40+\(\frac{3}{15}\) &times;10</p> <p>= 40+2</p> <p>= 42</p> <p>\(\therefore\) median = 42</p> <p></p>

Q10:

Find the median from the given data:

x   

0-10

10-20

20-30

30-40

40-50

50-60

60-70

f

5

8

11

15

20

12

9


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="225"><tbody><tr><td> <p>x</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>f</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>c.f.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>0-10</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>5</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>5</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>10-20</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>8</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>13</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>20-30</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>11</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>24</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>30-40</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>15</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>39</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>40-50</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>20</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>59</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>50-60</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>12</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>71</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>60-70</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>9</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>80</p> </td> </tr><tr><td></td> <td width="56"> <p>N=80</p> </td> <td width="52"></td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>Here, \(\frac{N}{2}\) = \(\frac{80}{2}\) =40</p> <p>Median Class = value of (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup>item</p> <p>= (40)<sup>th</sup>item</p> <p>= (40-50)</p> <p>Here,</p> <p><em>l</em>= 40, (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup>item = 40, c.f.= 39, f =20, i=10</p> <p>Now,</p> <p>median = l + \(\frac{\frac{N}{2}&minus; c.f}{f}\) &times; i</p> <p>= 40 + \(\frac{40&minus;39}{20}\) &times;10</p> <p>= 40+\(\frac{1}{20}\) &times;10</p> <p>= 40+0.5</p> <p>= 40.5</p> <p>\(\therefore\) median =40.5</p>

Q11:

Find the median from the given data:

x   

10

16

20

25

30

35

50

f

4

6

10

15

20

12

8


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="161"><tbody><tr><td width="50"> <p>x</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>f</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>c.f.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>10</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>4</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>4</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>16</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>6</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>10</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>20</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>10</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>20</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>25</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>15</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>35</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>30</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>20</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>55</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>35</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>12</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>67</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>50</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>8</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>75</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p></p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>N=75</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p></p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>We have, = value of (\(\frac{N+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of (\(\frac{75+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of 38<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>In c.f. column, c.f. just greater then 38 is 55 and its corresponding value is 30.</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Median = 30</p>

Q12:

Find the median from the given data:

Marks

80

75

60

55

50

40

35

no. of students

3

7

10

6

4

2

1


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="155"><tbody><tr><td width="44"> <p>Marks</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>f</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>c.f.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p>80</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>3</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>3</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p>75</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>7</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>10</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p>60</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>10</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>20</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p>55</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>6</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>26</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p>50</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>4</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>30</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p>40</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>2</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>32</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p>35</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>1</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>33</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="44"> <p></p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>N=33</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p></p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>We have, = value of (\(\frac{N+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of (\(\frac{33+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of 17<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>In c.f. column, c.f. just greater then 17 is 20 and its corresponding value is 60.</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Median = 60</p>

Q13:

Find the median from the given data:

height (cm)

110

115

120

124

128

130

no. of girls

3

5

10

7

3

2


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><br></p> <p>We have, = value of (\(\frac{N+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of (\(\frac{40+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of 20.5<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>In c.f. column, c.f. just greater then 20.5 is 28 and its corresponding value is 120.</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Median = 120</p>

Q14:

Find the median from the given data:

class interval   

0-5

5-10

10-15

15-20

20-25

25-30

frequency

5

9

15

22

18

11


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="251"><tbody><tr><td> <p>x</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>f</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>c.f.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>0-5</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>5</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>5</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>5-10</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>9</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>14</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>10-15</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>15</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>29</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>15-20</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>22</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>51</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>20-25</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>18</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>69</p> </td> </tr><tr><td> <p>25-30</p> </td> <td width="56"> <p>11</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>80</p> </td> </tr><tr><td></td> <td width="56"> <p>N=80</p> </td> <td width="52"></td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>Here, \(\frac{N}{2}\) = \(\frac{80}{2}\) =40</p> <p>Median Class = value of (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup>item</p> <p>= (40)<sup>th</sup>item</p> <p>= (15-20)</p> <p>Here,</p> <p><em>l</em>= 15, (\(\frac{N}{2}\))<sup>th</sup>item = 40, c.f.= 29, f =22, i=5</p> <p>Now,</p> <p>median = l + \(\frac{\frac{N}{2}&minus; c.f}{f}\) &times; i</p> <p>= 40 + \(\frac{40&minus;29}{22}\) &times;5</p> <p>= 40+\(\frac{11}{22}\) &times;5</p> <p>=40+2.5</p> <p>=42.5</p> <p>\(\therefore\) median = 42.5</p>

Q15:

Find the median from the given data:

x   

10

20

30

40

50

f

4

6

10

8

5


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Solution:</p> <table width="161"><tbody><tr><td width="50"> <p>x</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>f</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>c.f.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>10</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>4</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>4</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>20</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>6</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>10</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>30</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>10</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>20</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>40</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>8</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>28</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p>50</p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>5</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p>33</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="50"> <p></p> </td> <td width="52"> <p>N=33</p> </td> <td width="51"> <p></p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><p></p> <p>We have, = value of (\(\frac{N+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of (\(\frac{33+1}{2}\))<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>= value of 17<sup>th</sup> item</p> <p>In c.f. column, c.f. just greater then 17 is 20 and its corresponding value is 30.</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Median = 30</p>

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Land and Noise Pollution

Land and Noise Pollution

 

Land Pollution
Land Pollution

Land pollution

Land pollution is the degradation of earth's surface. Land pollution makes the quality of soil low. It directly affects the plants and indirectly to human beings. Human actions have also caused many large areas of land to lose or reduce their capacity to support life forms and ecosystems. This is known as land degradation.

Causes of Land Pollution

  1. Use of Chemical Fertilizers: Farmers use different fertilizers on their farm which may improve the quantity of the crop but degrades the quality of the crop.
  2. Use of Chemical Insecticides: Farmer use insecticide to kill harmful insects but the insects which protect the soil are also killed. Besides, insecticides also degrade the nutrients found in the crop.
  3. Disposal of non-biodegradable Garbage: People disposes of the non-biodegradable waste on soil which surely makes the soil infertile.
  4. Mismanagement of wastage: Wastage produced by hospitals, industries, and houses are thrown on land. Due to lack of proper garbage disposal, land gets polluted.

Effects of Land Pollution

  1. Land pollution kills the useful organisms like an earthworm.
  2. The soil becomes infertile and not suitable for cultivation.
  3. Agriculture production will decrease.
  4. Underground water becomes polluted.

 

Noise Pollution
Noise Pollution

Noise pollution

Noise is considered as environmental pollution, even though it is thought to have less damage to humans than water, air or land pollution. Noise pollution also disturbs the ecosystem.

Causes of Noise Pollution

  1. Sound by construction: Noise is created during construction by machinery.
  2. Sound by household gadgets: Sound is also created by the radio, TV, washing machine, micro-oven and so on.
  3. Sound by industries: Industry produces lots of noise during the use of mills and other metal gadgets.
  4. Sound by vehicles and crowd:On the road, many vehicles move around. In a traffic jam, horn makes noise. In a market where there are lots of people in same time, the Sound of people becomes a noise.

Effects of Noise Pollution

  1. The hearing capacity of a person degrades.
  2. Noise pollution causes hyper tension and mental stress.
  3. It causes high blood pressure.
  4. It causes insomnia and gastritis.

Lesson

Environmental Degradation and its Conservation

Subject

Science

Grade

Grade 8

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