Biodiversity and its Types

Earth is the common habitat of all living beings. Living beings need air, water, food, shelter and many other things to survive. The environment is a surrounding which includes all living and non-living beings. 

Biodiversity

Biodiversity is the total number of the existing living organisms and their variation on the earth. The biodiversity of a place indicates the bacteria, gene, living beings and ecosystem existing in per square meter of land.

Classes of Bio-Diversity

There are three different classes of biodiversity. They are:

1. Species

Species means different types of animals, vegetation, crops found in the ecosystem. They include living beings and vegetation like man, elephant, birds, wheat, potato, etc. In Nepal, 0.03% of species are available. Species denote the number of group of living beings according to their similarity.

2. Eco-system

The ecosystem is the biological community of interactive living beings in their natural setting. Living beings survive according to their capacity and adaptation. Biodiversity is the result of the structure of the ecosystem, too.

3. Genes

Gene is a heredity character of living beings which is found in the nucleus of a living cell. It controls physical characteristics, growth and development of living being. They change and reproduce themselves. They are passed on from one generation to another.

 Types of Bio- Diversity

There are three types of biodiversity. They are:

1. Ecosystem diversity

The diversity within the ecosystem is called ecosystem diversity. Therefore, the diversity of habitats and life are formed within the system. It also refers to the type of ecosystem found within a bio-geographical or political boundary as it may be further referred to the variety of the ecological regions- The Terai, The Mountain and The Hill ecosystems. There are 180 ecosystems in Nepal. Similarly, 75 types vegetation and 35 types of forest recorded in Nepal. In Nepal, there are all types of ecosystems except desert and ocean ecosystems found in the world.

2. Genetic diversity

Various plants and animals of the earth have some kind of variety even among themselves. This variation is due to the ‘gene’, which is found in the nucleus of the body cell. Genes carry the hereditary characters from parents to offspring. Therefore, the genes have contributed maintaining the biodiversity.

3. Species diversity

Species, as a unit, used to classify the millions of life forms the earth. Each species is distinct and different from other species. A group of individuals which can interbreed or attract to interbreed each other is known as species. Monkey and tiger are distinct species, as cows and buffaloes. Species diversity refers to the frequency and variety of species within a specific geographical area. There are 153 species of different crops, 92 species of cereals, 42 species of paddy, 26 species of wheat, 15 species of maize.There are 364 weed species, 500 species of edible plants, 200 plants species, 100 varieties of major fruits, 200 vegetables and 10 varieties of potato.