Community Health

The community health is important in order to create healthy manpower and environment, for the availability of health services and to develop feeling of social service. This note has information about community health, its importance and major health problems of Nepal.

Summary

The community health is important in order to create healthy manpower and environment, for the availability of health services and to develop feeling of social service. This note has information about community health, its importance and major health problems of Nepal.

Things to Remember

  • Government of Nepal has established health centers in VDC, municipality and district headquarters. 
  • The community health is important in order to create healthy manpower and environment, for the availability of health services and to develop feeling of social service.
  • Among four thousand VDCs in each VDC, there are a sub-health posts. This kind of sub-health post is responsible for providing free health services to the people of the VDC.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

By selling a radio with 25% profit, the profit amount is Rs 60 for how much price was it  sold?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Profit% = 12 %<br>Profit = Rs 60<br>Selling price (SP) =?</p> <p>If profit Rs 12 then SP is Rs 112<br>If profit Rs 1 then SP is Rs \(\frac{112}{12}\)<br>If profit Rs 60 then SP is \(\frac{112}{12} \times 60 = Rs \: 560\)</p> <p>\(\therefore SP\) = Rs 560<sub>Ans.</sub></p>

Q2:

If a carpet that cost Rs 4500 is sold at a profit of 30%, what is the selling price ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Cost price (CP) = Rs 4500<br>Profit % (P) = 30%<br>Selling price (SP) =?</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= \left( \frac{100 + P%}{100} \right) \times CP \\ &amp;= \frac{100 + 30}{100} \times 4500 \\ &amp;= \frac{4500 \times 130}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 5850\end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore SP\) = 5850<sub>Ans.</sub></p> <p></p>

Q3:

A watch was bought for Rs 3405.50. At what price should it be sold to gain Rs 120.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Cost price (CP) = Rs 3405.50<br>Gain (G) = Rs 120<br>Selling price (SP) = ?</p> <p>We know that,</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= CP + profit \\ &amp;= Rs 3405.0 + Rs 120 \\ &amp;= Rs 3525.50_{ANS.} \end{align*}</p>

Q4:

Bijay bought an old house for Rs 220,000 and spend Rs 83,500 for its repair and decoration. If he sold the house for Rs 300,000 find his loss percentage.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Cost price (CP) = Rs 220,000 + Rs 83500 = Rs 303,500</p> <p>Selling price (SP) = Rs 300,000</p> <p>Loss% =?</p> <p>\begin{align*} Loss\% &amp;= \frac {CP -SP} {CP} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{303,500 - 300,000}{303500} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= 1.15\% \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore \) Loss = 1.15%<strong><sub>Ans.</sub></strong></p>

Q5:

A radio is sold for Rs 2700, there is a loss of 10% at what price should it be sold to gain \( 7 \frac{1}{2}\%.\) 


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Selling price (SP) = Rs 2700<br>Loss% = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} Cost \: price (CP) &amp;= \frac{SP \times 100}{100 - L\%} \\ &amp;= \frac {2700 \times 100}{100 - 10 }\\ &amp;= \frac{270000}{90} \\ &amp;= Rs \: 3000 \end{align*}</p> <p>Again,</p> <p>CP = Rs 3000<br>Profit % = 7.5%<br>SP = ?</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= \frac{1100 + P\%}{100 } \times CP \\ &amp;= \frac{100 + 7.5\times 3000}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 3225 \end{align*}</p> <p>\( \therefore \) selling price = 3325<strong><sub>Ans</sub></strong></p>

Q6:

What percent of discount should be given in a doll costing Rs. 180 such that a customer has to buy it for Rs 160?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>The price of doll before discount = Rs 180<br>The price of doll after discount = Rs 160<br>Amount of discount = Rs 180 - Rs 160 = Rs 20</p> <p>\begin{align*} Discount \% &amp;= \frac{Amount \: of \: discount }{Initial \: price} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{20}{180} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= 11.11\% _{Ans.} \end{align*}</p>

Q7:

At 18% loss the selling price of an articles is Rs 164. Calculate the cost price of the article.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Selling price (SP) = Rs. 164<br>Loss = 18%</p> <p>\begin{align*} Cost \: price (C.P.) &amp;= \frac{S.P. \times 100}{100 - Loss \%} \\ &amp;= \frac{164 \times 100}{100 - 18}\\ &amp;= \frac{16400}{82}\\ &amp;= Rs. 200 _{Ans}\end{align*}</p>

Q8:

How much should you have to pay to buy the volleyball shown in the figure?

zc


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Market price (MP) = Rs. 1000<br>Discount % = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*}Payment\: amount &amp;= MP - discount\% of MP \\ &amp;= Rs. \: 1000 - \frac{10}{100}\times 1000\\ &amp;= Rs. 1000 - Rs. 100 \\ &amp;= Rs. 900_{Ans} \end{align*}</p>

Q9:

What percentage of  discount should be given in a doll costing Rs 150  so that a customer can purchase it at Rs 130? Find it.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Marked price (MP) = Rs. 150<br>Selling price after discount (SP) = Rs. 130</p> <p>\begin{align*} Discount\% &amp;= \frac{MP - SP}{MP} \times 100\% \\&amp;= \frac {150 - 130}{150} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= 13\frac{1}{3} \% \: \: _{Ans}\end{align*}</p>

Q10:

A watch was bought for Rs 1200. At what labelled price should it be sold to gain \(33\frac{1}{3}\%\) after discount 20% . Find also its selling price.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Cost price of watch (CP) = Rs 1200<br>Let, marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>Discount = 20%</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP) &amp;= MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ or, SP &amp;= Rs \: x - Rs\: x \times \frac{20}{100} \\ SP &amp;= Rs\: \frac{5x -x}{5}\\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{4x}{5} \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} Profit &amp;= Rs \: 1200\: of \: \frac{100}{3}\% \\ &amp;= Rs \: 1200\: \times \: \frac{100}{3} \times \frac {1}{100} \\ &amp;= Rs. \: 400 \end{align*}</p> <p>We know that,</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= CP + Profit \\ or, \frac{4x}{5} &amp;= Rs \: 12000 + Rs. \: 4000 \\ or, x &amp;= Rs \frac{1600 \times 5}{4} \\ &amp;= Rs. 2000 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Labbled price of watch = Rs 2000<br> \(\therefore\) SP = 1200 + 400 = Rs 1600 <strong><sub>Ans</sub></strong> </p>

Q11:

A shopkeeper marks the price of an article 40% above the cost price. After allowing a discount of 15% on its marked price, It was sold at a gain of Rs 950. Find the marked price of the article. 


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Cost price of television (CP) = Rs x<br>\begin{align*}Marked \: price\: (MP) &amp;= x + x\: of \:40\%\\ &amp;= x + x \times \frac{40}{100} \\ &amp;= \frac{5x + 2x}{5}\\ &amp;= \frac{7x}{5} \end{align*}<br>Discount = 15%<br>\begin{align*}Selling \: price (SP) &amp;=MP - MP \times Discount\% \\ &amp;= \frac{7x}{5} - \frac{7x}{5} \times \frac{15}{100} \\ &amp;= \frac {7x}{5} - \frac{21x}{100} \\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{140x - 21x}{100} \\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{119x}{100} \end{align*}</p> <p>Profit = Rs 950<br>We know that,</p> <p>\begin{align*} Profit &amp;= SP - CP\\ or, 950 &amp;= \frac{119x}{100} - x \\ or, 950 &amp;= \frac{119x -100x}{100} \\ or, \frac{19x}{100} &amp;= 950\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{950 \times 100}{19}\\ &amp;= Rs 5000 \end{align*}</p> <p>The cost price = Rs 5000<br>Marked price (MP) = \( \frac{7 \times 5000}{5} = Rs \: 7000 \: \: _{Ans}\)</p>

Q12:

When a discount of 15% is allowed on the marked price of an article, It is sold for Rs 4250. Calculate the marked price.  If the marked price is 25% above the cost price of the article. Calculate the gain or loss percent.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>Selling price (SP) = Rs 4250<br>Discount = 15%</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= MP - MP \: of\: discount\% \\ 4250 &amp;= x -x \times \frac{15}{100}\\ or, 4250 &amp;= \frac{20x - 3x}{20} \\ or, 4250 &amp;= \frac{17x}{20}\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{4250 \times 20}{17}\\ &amp;= Rs. \: 5000 \end{align*}</p> <p>Again, Let CP = Rs y</p> <p>\begin{align*} MP &amp;= CP + CP \: of \: 25\% \\ or, MP &amp;= y + y \times \frac{25}{100} \\ or, MP &amp;= \frac{4y + y}{4} \\ or, MP &amp;= \frac{5y}{4}\\ or, \frac{5y}{4} &amp;= 5000 \\ or, y &amp;= \frac{5000 \times 4}{5}\\ &amp;= 4000 \end{align*}</p> <p>SP = Rs 4250<br>CP = Rs 4000</p> <p>\begin{align*} Profit\% &amp;= \frac{SP - CP}{CP} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{4250 - 4000}{4000} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{250}{40}\% \\ \therefore profit \: percentage &amp;= 6.25\% \end{align*}</p> <p></p>

Q13:

Find the total selling price of a shirt whose marked price is Rs 2700 when 13%  VAT is levied?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Marked price (P) = Rs 2700<br>VAT = 13%</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP) &amp;= MP + VAT\% of MP\\ &amp;= 2700 + \frac{13}{100} \times 2700 \\ &amp;= 2700 + 351 \\ &amp;= Rs. \: 3051 \: \: \: _{Ans.} \end{align*}</p>

Q14:

A shopkeeper gained Rs 8 by selling a pen allowing 10%  discount. He would have gained Rs 20. If discount was not allowed. What was the selling price?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, marked price (MP) = Rs x, discount = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ &amp;= x - x \times \frac{10}{100} \\ &amp;= \frac{10x - x}{10}\\ &amp;= \frac{9x}{10} \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP_1 &amp;= SP - Profit\\ &amp;= \frac{9x}{10} - 8 \end{align*}</p> <p>Again, MP = SP = Rs x<br>Profit = Rs 20<br>\( CP_2 = SP - profit = x - 20 \)</p> <p>Now,</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP_1 &amp;= CP_2 \\ or, \frac{9x}{10} - 8 &amp;= x - 20 \\ or, \frac{9x - x}{x} &amp;= 8 - 20\\ or, \frac{9x - 10x}{10} &amp;= -12\\ or, -x &amp;= -120 \\ \therefore x &amp;= 120 \\ \text{Putting the value of x in SP } = \frac{9x}{10}\\ SP &amp;= \frac{9 \times 120}{10}\\ &amp;= Rs\: 108\\ \therefore Selling \: price = Rs\: 108_{Ans} \end{align*}</p>

Q15:

Reetu sold a watch to Reshmi at 20% profit.  Reshmi again sold the same watch to Dikita for Rs 1350 at loss of 10%. At what price did Reetu purchase the watch?  


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>For Reshmi</p> <p>Selling price (SP) = Rs 1350<br>Loss % = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP &amp;= \frac{100 \times SP}{100 - L\%} \\ &amp;= \frac{100 \times 1350}{100 - 10}\\ &amp;= \frac{135000}{90}\\ &amp;=Rs \: 1500 \end{align*}</p> <p>Reshmi cost price is selling price of Reetu<br>For Reetu</p> <p>SP = Rs 1500<br>Profit % = 20 %</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP &amp;= \frac{100 \times SP}{100 + P\%} \\ &amp;= \frac{100 \times 1500}{100 + 20}\\ &amp;= \frac{150000}{120}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 1250\end{align*}</p> <p>\( \therefore \)The cost price = Rs 1250</p>

Q16:

A dishonest shopkeeper has the false weights one kind of weight 20% more while buying goods and the other weight 20% less while selling the goods. Find his gain percent just by weighting?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, the weight 100 gain while buying the goods. The actual weight of the purchasing goods = 120 gram. Let weights 120 gram while selling the goods but the actual weight of the selling goods = 100 gram.<br>Let the CP of 1 gram of goods = Rs 1<br> the CP of 100 gram of goods = Rs 100 x<br> the CP of 120 gram of goods = Rs 120 x</p> <p>He sells the goods of costing Rs 100x for Rs 120x</p> <p>He sells the goods of costing 1 for \( \frac{120x}{100x} \)</p> <p>He sells the goods of costing 120x for \( \frac{120x}{100x} \times 120x = Rs \: 144x \)</p> <p>SP of goods = Rs 144x<br>CP of goods = Rs 100x</p> <p>\begin{align*} Profit \: \% &amp;= \frac{SP - CP}{CP} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{144x - 100x}{100x} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= 44\% \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Profit = 44%</p>

Q17:

When a cycle is sold allowing 10% discount on its marked price a seller gains 5% and allowing 5% discount profit is Rs 338. Find the cost price of the cycle.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, MP = Rs x, discount = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ &amp;= x -x \times \frac{10}{100}\\ &amp;= x - \frac{x}{10}\\ &amp;= \frac{10x - x}{10}\\ &amp;= Rs \frac{9x}{10} \end{align*}<br>Profit = 5%</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP &amp;= \frac{SP \times 100}{100 + P%} \\ &amp;= \frac{\frac{9x}{10} \times 100}{100 + 5}\\ &amp;= \frac{90x}{105}\\ &amp;= \frac{6x}{7}\: \: \: \: \: \: \: .........(i) \end{align*}</p> <p>Again,</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= x - x\: of \: 5\% \\ &amp;= x -x \times \frac{5}{100}\\ &amp;= x - \frac{x}{20}\\ &amp;= \frac{20x - x}{20}\\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{10x}{20} \end{align*}</p> <p>Profit = Rs 338<br>\(CP = SP - Profit \: = \frac{19x}{20} - 338 \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: ......(ii)\)</p> <p>From eq<sup>n</sup>(i) and eq<sup>n</sup> (ii)</p> <p>\begin{align*} \frac{19x}{20} - 338 &amp;= \frac{6x}{7} \\ or, \frac{19x}{20} - \frac{6x}{7} &amp;= 338\\or, \frac{113x - 120x}{140} &amp;= 338\\or, 13x &amp;= 388 \times 140\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{47320}{13}\\ x &amp;= Rs \: 3650\end{align*}</p> <p>Putting value of x in eq<sup>n</sup> (i)</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP &amp;= \frac{6x}{7} \\&amp;= \frac{6 \times 3640}{7}\\ \therefore CP &amp;= Rs \: 3120\end{align*}</p>

Q18:

Ritu bought a watch and calculator for Rs 4000. If she sold a watch at 10% profit and calculator at 20% loss, then she gets only 1% profit  in whole. Find the cost price of the calculator and the watch.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, cost price of calculator (CP<sub>1</sub>) = Rs x</p> <p>Cost price of the watch (CP<sub>2</sub>) = RS (4000 - x)</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP \: of \: calculator \: (SP_1) &amp;= CP + profit \\ &amp;= x + x \: of \: 10\% \\ &amp;= x + x \times \frac{10}{100}\\ &amp;= \frac{11x}{10}\end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*}SP \: of\: watch \: (SP_2) &amp;=CP - loss\\ &amp;= (4000 - x) -20\% \: of \: (4000 + x)\\ &amp;= (4000 -x) - \frac{20}{100} \times (4000 - x)\\ &amp;=\frac{32000 - 5x -4000 + x}{5}\\ &amp;= 3200 - \frac{4x}{5} \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} Total \: SP &amp;= SP_1 + SP_2 \\ &amp;= \frac{11x}{10} + 3200 - \frac{4x}{5}\\ &amp;= \frac{3x}{10} + 3200 \end{align*}</p> <p>Total CP = 4000<br>Profit = 1%</p> <p>\begin{align*}SP &amp;= CP + Profit\\ or, \frac{3x}{10} + 3200 &amp;= 4000 + 1\% of 4000\\ or, \frac{3x}{10} + 3200 &amp;= 4000 + \frac{1}{100} \times 4000\\ or, \frac{3x}{10} &amp;= 4000 + 40 - 3200\\ x &amp;= 840 \times \frac{10}{3}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 2800 \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*}\text{CP of watch = Rs} \: 4000 -x \\ &amp;= 4000 - 2800 \\ &amp;= 1200 \end{align*}</p> <p>\( \therefore \) CP of calculator = Rs 2800<br>\(\therefore\) CP of watch = Rs 1200<sub><strong>Ans.</strong></sub></p> <p></p> <p></p>

Q19:

When a article was sold with 10% discount there was a loss of Rs 100. If it was sold with 5% discount there would have been Rs 100 profit. Find the cost price and the market price of an article.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, MP = Rs x<br>Loss = Rs 100<br>Discount = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= MP - MP \: of\: discount \\ or, SP &amp;= x - x \times \frac{10}{100} \\ \frac{10x - x}{10}\\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{9x}{10} \end{align*}</p> <p>CP<sub>1</sub> = SP + Loss = \( \frac{9x}{10} + 100 \: \: \: \: .......(i)\)</p> <p>Again,</p> <p>discount = 5%<br>Profit = Rs 100</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;= MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ &amp;= x -x \times \frac{5}{100}\\ &amp;= x - \frac{x}{20}\\ &amp;= \frac{20x - x}{20} \\ \therefore SP &amp;= Rs \: \frac{19x}{20} \\Now, \\ CP_2 &amp;= SP - Profit \\ CP &amp;= \frac{19x}{20} - 100 \: \: \: \: \: .......(ii) \end{align*}</p> <p>From equation (i) and (ii)</p> <p>\begin{align*}\frac{9x}{10} + 100 &amp;= \frac{19x}{20} - 100 \\ or, \frac{19x}{20} - \frac{9x}{10} &amp;= 100 + 100\\ or, \frac{19x - 18x}{20}&amp;= 200 \\ or, x &amp;= Rs \: 4000 \end{align*}</p> <p>Marked price = Rs 4000</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP &amp;= \frac{9x}{10} + 100 \\ &amp;= \frac{ 9 \times 4000}{10} + 100\\ &amp;= 3600 + 100\\ &amp;= Rs \: 3700_{Ans}\end{align*}</p>

Q20:

An article when sold at a profit of 5% yields Rs 15 more than when sold at loss of 5%, what was its cost price?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, CP = Rs x</p> <p>Loss % = 5%</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP_1 &amp;= CP - CP \: of \: loss\%\\ &amp;= x - x \times \frac{5}{100} \\ &amp;= \frac{20x - x}{20} \\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{19x}{20} \end{align*}</p> <p>If he charge Rs 15 more</p> <p>\( SP_2 = Rs \: \frac{19x}{20} + 15\)</p> <p>We know that,</p> <p>\begin{align*} CP + Profit &amp;= SP_2\\ or, x + x \times \frac{5}{100}&amp;= \frac{19x}{20} + 15 \\ or, \frac{20x + x}{20} &amp;= \frac{19x + 300}{20}\\ or, 21x - 19x &amp;= 300\\ or, 2x &amp;= 300\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{300}{2}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 150 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) The cost price = Rs 150<strong><sub>Ans.</sub></strong></p>

Q21:

A man bought a radio sets for Rs 500. He sold one at a loss 12% and the other at a gain of 8%. He neither gained nor loss in his transaction.  Find the cost price of each radio.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, cost price of 1<sup>st</sup> radio (CP<sub>1</sub>) = Rs x<br>Loss % = 12%<br>Selling price of 1<sup>st</sup> radio (SP<sub>1</sub>) = ?</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP_1 &amp;= \frac{100 - L\%}{100} \times CP_1 \\ &amp;= \frac{100 - 12}{100} \times x \\ &amp;= \frac{88x}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{22x}{25} \end{align*}</p> <p>Let cost price of 2<sup>nd</sup>radio (CP<sub>2</sub>) = Rs 500 - x<br>Profit % (P%) = 8%<br>Selling price of 2<sub>nd</sub>radio (SP<sub>2</sub>) = ?</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP_2 &amp;= \frac{100 + P\%}{100} \times CP_2 \\ &amp;= \frac{100 + 8}{100} \times( 500 - x) \\ &amp;= \frac{108 \times (500 - x)}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{27 (500 - x)}{25} \end{align*}</p> <p>From question,</p> <p>\begin{align*} \frac{22x}{25} + \frac{27(500 - x)}{25} &amp;= 500\\ or, \frac{22x + 13500 - 27x}{25} &amp;= 500 \\ or, 13500 - 5x &amp;= 12500 \\ or, 5x &amp;= 13500 - 12500\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{1000}{5} \\ \therefore x &amp;= Rs \: 200 \end{align*}</p> <p>Cost price of 1<sup>st</sup> radio = Rs 200<br>Cost price of 2<sup>nd</sup> radio = Rs 500 - x = 500 - 200 = Rs 300<strong><sub>Ans.</sub></strong></p>

Q22:

Find the rate of discount. If a telephone set price Rs 1350 is sold for Rs 1282.50.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Marked price (MP) = Rs 1350<br>Selling Price (SP) = Rs 1282.50</p> <p>\begin{align*} Discount &amp;= MP -SP \\&amp;= 1350 - 1282.50 \\ &amp;= Rs \: 67.50 \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} Discount\% &amp;= \frac{Discount}{MP} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{67.50}{1350} \times 100 \\ &amp;= 5\% \: \: _{Ans.} \end{align*}</p>

Q23:

What is the value of VAT by 10% of computer of selling price is Rs 29660?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Selling price (SP) = Rs 29660<br>VAT % = 10 %</p> <p>\begin{align*} \text {Amount of VAT} &amp;= 29660 \times \frac{10}{100} \\ &amp;= Rs \: 2966 \end{align*}</p>

Q24:

VAT at 10% of the original price is charge on Jewelry of gold. How much VAT was paid if the value included VAT is Rs 17050?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, MP = Rs x,<br>VAT = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} x + x \: of \: 10\% &amp;= 17050 \\ or, x + x \times \frac{10}{100} &amp;= 17050 \\ or, \frac{10x + x}{10} &amp;= 17050 \\ or, x &amp;= \frac{17050 \times 10}{11} \\ \therefore x &amp;= Rs \: 15500 \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} \text{Amount of VAT } &amp;= Rs 17050 - Rs 15500 \\ &amp;= Rs 1550 \: _{Ans.} \end{align*}</p>

Q25:

A tourist buys 5 set of Nepali dress at RS 650 per set. If VAT rate is 10% how much will receive while leaving Nepal?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, cost price (CP) = Rs x<br>VAT = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} x + x \: of \: 10\% &amp;= 650 \\ or, x + x \times \frac{10}{100} &amp;= 650\\ or, \frac{11x}{10} &amp;= 650 \\ or, x &amp;= \frac{650 \times 10}{11}\\ \therefore x &amp;= Rs \: 590.90 \end{align*}</p> <p>Return money for 1 set = Rs 650 - Rs 590.90 = Rs 59.10<br>Return money for 5 sets = 5 \(\times\) 59.10 = Rs 295.50 </p>

Q26:

Price of a TV is Rs 24,000. If the price is discounted by Rs 1200. What is the discount percentage?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Price of TV = Rs 24,000<br>Amount of discount = Rs 1200<br>Discount % = ?</p> <p>\begin{align*} Discount\% &amp;= \frac{Discount \: Amount}{Price \: of \: TV} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{1200}{24000} \times 100\%\\ &amp;= 5\% \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore \) Discount = 5%</p>

Q27:

The marked price of a calculator is Rs 260. What is the sale price of it, If 5% discount is allowed?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Marked price (MP) = Rs 260<br>Discount % = 5%<br>Selling price (SP) = ?</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP &amp;=MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ &amp;= 260 - 260 \times \frac{5}{100} \\ &amp;= Rs \:260 -13 \\&amp;= Rs \: 247 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore \) SP = Rs 247 \(_{Ans}\)</p>

Q28:

The price of an article with 15% VAT is Rs 690. What will be the price excluding VAT?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>The price of the article with VAT = Rs 690<br>VAT =15%</p> <p>We know that,<br>The price of the article with \begin{align*} VAT &amp;= x + x \: of \: 15\% \\ 690 &amp;= x + x \times \frac{15}{100} \\ or, 690 &amp;= \frac{23x}{20}\\ or,x &amp;= \frac{690 \times 20}{23} \\ x &amp;= Rs \: 600 \end{align*}</p> <p>The price excluding VAT is Rs 600.</p>

Q29:

An article with marked price Rs 80,000 is sold allowing a discount of 5%, what is the price after discount?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Marked price (MP) = Rs 80,000<br>Discount = 5%</p> <p>\begin{align*}Selling\: price \:(SP) &amp;= MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ &amp;= Rs 80000 - 80000 \times \frac{5}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 80,000 - 4000 \\&amp;= Rs \: 76,ooo \: \: _{Ans.} \: \end{align*}</p>

Q30:

The price of computer inclusive the VAT at 15% is Rs 46,000. Find its price exclusive of the VAT.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>The price of computer before VAT = Rs x, VAT = 15%<br>Cost of computer after adding VAT = Rs 46000</p> <p>\begin{align*} x + x \: of \: 15 &amp;= Rs \: 46000\\ or, x + x \times \frac{15}{100} &amp;= Rs \: 46000\\ or, \frac{20x + 3x}{20} &amp;= 46000 \\ or, x &amp;= \frac{46000 \times 20}{23}\\ \therefore x &amp;= Rs \: 40,000 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore \) The price of exclusive of the VAT = Rs 40,000 \(_{Ans.}\)</p> <p></p>

Q31:

The marked price of a bicycle was Rs 5550. What will the price of the bicycle, if 15% VAT was levied allowing 10% discount unit? 


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution</strong>:</p> <p>Marked price of a bicycle (MP) = Rs 5550<br>Discount = 10%<br>VAT = 15%</p> <p>After discount,</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_1) &amp;= MP - Discount\% \: of \: MP\\ SP_1 &amp;= Rs \: 5550 - 5550 \times \frac{10}{100} \\ &amp;= 5550 - 555\\ &amp;= Rs \: 4995 \end{align*}</p> <p>After, adding VAT</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP_2 &amp;= SP_1 + VAT\% \:of\: SP_1 \\ &amp;= 4995 + 4995 \times \frac{15}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 4995 + Rs \: 749.30 \\ &amp;= Rs\: 5744.25 \: \: \: \: \: \: _{Ans.} \end{align*}</p>

Q32:

Allowing 20% discount on the marked price of a watch, the value of the watch will be Rs 2376. When a VAT of 10% is added.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>Discount = 20%<br>VAT = 10%</p> <p>After discount,</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_1) &amp;= MP - Discount \% \: of \: MP\\ &amp;= Rs \: x - x \times \frac{20}{100} \\ &amp;= x - \frac{x}{5}\\ &amp;= \frac{5x -x}{5}\\&amp;= Rs \: \frac{4x}{5} \end{align*}</p> <p>After adding VAT,</p> <p>\begin{align*} SP_2 &amp;= SP_1 + VAT\% \: of \: SP_1 \\ or, 2376 &amp;= \frac{4x}{5} + \frac{4x}{5} \times \frac{10}{100}\\ or, 2376 &amp;= \frac{40x + 4x}{50}\\ or, 2376 &amp;= \frac{44x}{50} \\ or, x &amp;= \frac{2376 \times 50}{44} \\ x &amp;= Rs \: 2700 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore \) the marked price = Rs 2700 \(_{Ans.}\)</p>

Q33:

If the marked price of camera is Rs 3200. A shopkeeper announces a discount of 8%. How much will a customer have to pay for buying the camera, If 10% VAT was levied on it?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Marked price (MP) = Rs 3200<br>Discount = 8%<br>After discount,</p> <p>\begin{align*}Selling \: price \: (SP_1)&amp;= MP - MP\: of \: discount \% \\ &amp;= 3200 - 256 \\ &amp;= Rs \: 2944 \end{align*}</p> <p>After adding VAT<br>\begin{align*}Selling \: price \: (SP_2) &amp;= Sp_1 + SP_1 \: of \: VAT \% \\ &amp;= 2944 + 2940 \times \frac{10}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 2944 + 294.40 \\ &amp;= Rs \: 3238.40 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) The customer pay for camera = Rs 3238.40 \(_{Ans}\)</p>

Q34:

After allowing 10% discount on he market price of television 15% VAT levied on it. Its price was fixed to be Rs 16720. What amount was given in discount?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>Discount = 10%<br>VAT = 15%</p> <p>After discount,</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price\: (SP_2)&amp;= MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ &amp;= x - x \times \frac{x}{10}\\ &amp;= \frac{10x - x}{10} \\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{9x}{10} \end{align*}</p> <p>After adding VAT<br><br></p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price\: (SP_2) &amp;= SP_1 + SP_1 \: of \: VAT\% \\ 1670 &amp;= \frac{9x}{10} + \frac{9x}{10} \times \frac{15}{100} \\ or, 16750 &amp;= \frac{9x}{10} + \frac{27x}{200}\\ or, 16720 &amp;= \frac{180x + 27x}{200}\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{16720 \times 200}{207} \\ &amp;= Rs \: 16154.50 \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} Amount \: of \: discount &amp;= x \: of \: 10\% \\ &amp;= 16154.50 \times \frac{10}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 1615.45 \end{align*}</p>

Q35:

If actual selling price of an including 20% discount and 10% VAT is Rs 880, find the market price of the article.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, MP = Rs x</p> <p>Discount = 20%<br>VAT = 10%<br>Amount of VAT = Rs 880<br>After discount,</p> <p>\begin{align*}Selling\: price \: (SP_1) &amp;= MP - discount\% \:of \: SP_1 \\ &amp;= x - x \times \frac{20}{100}\\ &amp;= x- \frac{x}{5}\\ &amp;= \frac{5x -x}{5}\\ &amp;= Rs \: \frac{4x}{5}\end{align*}</p> <p>After adding VAT,</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_2)&amp;= SP_1 + VAT\% \:of\: SP_1\\ 880 &amp;= \frac{4x}{5} \times \frac{10}{100}\\ or, 880 &amp;= \frac{4x}{5} + \frac{2x}{25} \\ or, 880&amp;= \frac{20x + 2x}{25}\\ or, 880 &amp;= \frac{22x}{25}\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{880 \times 25}{22}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 1000 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Marked price = Rs 1000 \(_{Ans}\)</p>

Q36:

The marked price of a radio was Rs 5000. What will be price of the radio, If 10% VAT was levied after allowing 15% discount on it?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Marked price (MP) = Rs 5000<br>Discount = 15%<br>VAT = 10%</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_1) &amp;= MP - MP \: of \: discount\% \\ &amp;= 5000 - 5000 \times \frac{15}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 5000 - 750\\&amp;= Rs \: 4250\end{align*}</p> <p>After adding VAT</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_2)&amp;= SP_1 + SP_1 \: of\: VAT \\ &amp;= 4250 + 4250 \times \frac {10}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 4250 + Rs \: 425 \\ &amp;= Rs \: 4675 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) The price of the radio = Rs 4675 \(_{Ans.}\)</p>

Q37:

After allowing 16% discount on the market price of an article and levying 13% value added tax, then the price of the article becomes to Rs 9,942. Find the value added tax.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, Marked price = Rs x<br>\begin{align*}\text{The price after discount} &amp;= x-x \times 16\%\\ &amp;= x - x \times \frac{16}{100}\\ &amp;= \frac{25x - 4x}{25}\\ &amp;= \frac{21x}{25} \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*}\text{The price after VAT} &amp;= \frac{21x}{25} + \frac{21x}{25} \times 13\% \\ or, 9492&amp;= \frac{21x}{25 } \frac{21x}{25} \times \frac{13}{100} \\ or, 9492 &amp;= \frac{21x}{25} + \frac{273x}{2500}\\ or, 9492 &amp;= \frac{2100x + 273x}{2500}\\ or, 9492 \times 2500 &amp;= 2373x\\ or, \frac{23730000}{2373} &amp;= x\\ \therefore Market \: price\: (x) &amp;= 1000 \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} Amount \: of \: VAT &amp;= \frac{21x}{25} \times \frac{13}{100} \\ &amp;= \frac{21 \times 10000 \times 13}{25 \times 100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 1092\: \: _{Ans.}\end{align*}</p>

Q38:

A shopkeeper sold his goods for Rs 28815 allowing 15% discount and the levied 13% VAT. What was the amount of discount?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>Discount = 15%<br>VAT = 13%<br>After discount,</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_1) &amp;= MP - discount\%\: of\: MP\\ &amp;= x -x \times \frac{15}{100}\\ &amp;= x-\frac{3x}{10}\\ &amp;= \frac{20x - 3x}{20}\\ &amp;= \frac{17x}{20} \end{align*}</p> <p>After adding VAT,</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_2) &amp;= SP_1 + VAT\% \: of \: (SP_1)\\ 28815 &amp;= \frac{17x}{20} + \frac{17x}{20} \times \frac{13}{100}\\ or, 28815 &amp;= \frac{17x}{20} + \frac{221x}{2000}\\ or, 28815 &amp;= \frac{1921x}{2000}\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{28815 \times 2000}{1921}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 30,000 \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} \text{Amount of discount} &amp;= 30,000 \times \frac{15}{100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 4500 \: \: _{Ans.} \end{align*}</p>

Q39:

A tourist bought a Nepali blanket at 20% discount and 10% VAT. At the Airpot the tourist got Rs 440 back for the VAT. What  was the marked price of the blanket ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, Marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>Discount = 20%<br>VAT = 10%</p> <p>After discount</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_1) &amp;= MP - Discount\% \: of \: MP\\ &amp;= x-x \times \frac{20}{100}\\ &amp;= \frac{5x -x}{5} \\ &amp;= Rs \frac{4x}{5} \end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} Amount\: of \:VAT &amp;= VAT\:of\:SP_1 \\ 440 &amp;= \frac{4x}{5} \times \frac{10}{100}\\ or, 440 &amp;= \frac{2x}{25}\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{440 \times 25}{2}\\ \therefore x &amp;= Rs \: \: 5500 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Marked price of the blanket = Rs 5500 \(_{Ans.}\)</p>

Q40:

After allowing 20% discount on the marked price of computer, 15% VAT was levied on it. If its price became Rs 22080. What amount was levied in the VAT?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>Let, Marked price (MP) = Rs x<br>Discount = 20%<br>VAT = 15%</p> <p>After discount</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price \: (SP_1) &amp;= MP - Discount\% \: of \: MP\\ &amp;= x-x \times \frac{20}{100}\\ &amp;= \frac{5x -x}{5} \\ &amp;= Rs \frac{4x}{5} \end{align*}</p> <p>After adding VAT</p> <p>\begin{align*} Selling \: price\: (SP_2) &amp;= SP_1 + VAT\% \: of \: SP_1 \\ 22080 &amp;= Rs \: \frac{4x}{5} + \frac{4x}{5} \times \frac{15}{100}\\ or, 22080 &amp;= Rs \: \frac{4x}{5} + \frac{12x}{100}\\ or, 22080 &amp;= \frac{80x + 12x}{100}\\ or, 22080 &amp;= \frac{92x}{100}\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{22080 \times 100}{92} \\ x &amp;= Rs \: 24000\end{align*}</p> <p>Marked price = Rs 24000</p> <p>\begin{align*} \text{Amount of VAT} &amp;= Rs \: \frac{4x}{5} \times \frac{15}{100}\\ &amp;= \frac{4 \times 24000 \times 5}{5 \times 100}\\ &amp;= Rs \: 2880 \end{align*}</p> <p>\(\therefore\) Amount of VAT = Rs 2880 \( \: \: _{Ans.}\)</p>

Q41:

The marked price of an article is 4000. If the price of the article including 13% VaT is Rs 3616, find the discount percentage given in it.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Solution:</strong></p> <p>The marked price (MP) = Rs 4000<br>The amount of discount = Rs x<br>The price of article after discount = Rs (4000 - x)<br>VAT % = 13 %<br>From question,</p> <p>\begin{align*} (4000 - x) (4000 - x) \times \frac{13}{100} &amp;= 3616 \\or, \frac{400000- 100x + 52000 - 13x}{100} &amp;= 3616\\ or, 452000-113x &amp;= 361600\\ or, 113x &amp;= 452000 - 361600\\ or, x &amp;= \frac{90400}{113}\\ \therefore x &amp;= Rs. \: 800\end{align*}</p> <p>\begin{align*} Percent \: discount &amp;= \frac{Amount \: of \: discount}{MP} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= \frac{800}{4000} \times 100\% \\ &amp;= 20\% \: \: \: _{Ans.} \end{align*}</p>

Q42: A dishonest shopkeeper has two false balances. One balance weighs 10% more while buying the goods and other weighs 10% less while selling the goods. Find his gain percent just by weighing.
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Community Health

Community Health

Utilization of available health services in the community

Government of Nepal has established health centers in VDC, municipality and district headquarters. Sub health posts in villages, health posts, and health care centers in municipality, and health care centers in districts headquarter are providing services to the people according to their capacity. Following institutions are working in the community to provide necessary help:

http://i.imgur.com/FxB03q0.jpg

1. Sub Health Post

Among four thousand VDCs in each VDC, there are a sub-health posts. This kind of sub-health post is responsible for providing free health services to the people of the VDC. In such kind of health post programs like vaccination, family planning facility to couples, first aid and basic treatments are conducted free of costs. In such sub-health posts, community health assistance (CHA), maternal caretaker and village level health assistance will also be working there.

http://i.imgur.com/eVHQd5O.jpg

2. Health Post

Government of Nepal has established health posts in more than 50 municipality and in villages with a dense population. They are well-facilitated compare to the sub-health posts. In such health post, senior health assistance, CHA, assistant nurse, maternal caretaker are working. In this, all kind of services is provided to the people.

http://i.imgur.com/Kwk06tw.jpg

3. Primary Health Post

Government of Nepal has established 205 health centers in each constituency. These centers run program likes vaccination, balance diet promotion, maternal care and family planning, etc. In primary health centers, senior health assistant, CMA, assistant nurse, maternal caretaker, etc. are working.

4. Ayurved Hospital

In these hospitals, patients are cured with non-chemical medicines i.e. herbal medicines. The Vaidyas are the person who treats patient and cures them. Only biological and natural products are used as medicines.

5. Homeopathy Hospital

These hospitals use their own methods to cure the patients. In this method, medicine is used in less quantity. In Nepal, Pashupati homeopathy lab was the first lab established in 2010 B.S. This is Nepal's only homeopathy lab. This lab organizes free health check up, treatment and also provide with foods.

http://i.imgur.com/jdlSYCy.jpg

6. Hospital

The government has established different kinds of hospitals in districts, zones and at the regional level to provide basic health services to the people. In these hospitals, skill manpower, required technology and other facilities are made available for proper diagnosis, testing and treatment of all diseases through various surgeries and treatments. Besides this, laboratory facility for a proper diagnosis is also available. In hospitals, doctors, specialist, surgeons, health assistance, staff nurse, assistant nurse, etc. work together to provide necessary services to the people.

http://i.imgur.com/vrorQjY.jpg

7. National Hospital

Central level hospitals are also there. Bir Hospital is the first hospital in the nation. Besides this, there are TU teaching Hospital, Ayurvedic Hospitals, Nara Devi Hospital, B.P. Koirala Cancer hospital, Teku Hospital, etc. are providing their services to the people. Along with this, there are various private and cooperative level hospitals, nursing home, and the clinic opened around and outside the Kathmandu valley.

Behavior towards HIV victims

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome also known as AIDS is a disease caused by a virus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV. The illness alters the immune system, making people much more exposed to infections and diseases. This weakness worsens as the disease progresses.

HIV is found in the body fluids of an infected person such as semen and vaginal fluids, blood and breast milk. The virus is passed from one person to another through blood and sexual contact. Also, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, delivering the baby during childbirth, and through breastfeeding.

The way of behavior we need to show towards HIV victims are as follows:

  1. We need not discriminate the victims in fear of getting the disease. Instead, we should show love and affection for them.
  2. Those victims who are studying in school or have left the study should regularly be consulted.
  3. They should be made aware so that the disease does not get spread.
  4. We should develop an environment where they can study with due respect.
  5. They should be provided with scholarships in order to promote their education.
  6. If those children are orphans, they should be provided with the facility of food and shelter.
  7. They should be complemented by the fact that they can live longer in healthy behavior and attitude.
  8. We should not let them feel guilty.
  9. We should advise them to be aware of drugs and unsafe sexual contact.

Lesson

Family and Community Health

Subject

Health and Physical Education

Grade

Grade 8

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