Internal and External Commands Used in MS-DOS

Internal command are built in the COMMAND.COM files. Some commands need external additional files with command.com. This note provides an information about internal and external commands used in MS-DOS.

Summary

Internal command are built in the COMMAND.COM files. Some commands need external additional files with command.com. This note provides an information about internal and external commands used in MS-DOS.

Things to Remember

  • Internal command are built in the COMMAND.COM files. It can be executed from any DOS prompt because each of the internal commands are memory resident. Some of the examples of internal commands are: DIR, CLS, COPY etc.
  • DIR  displays files, directories and sub-directory.
  • COPY CON creates a text file.
  • TYPE displays the content of a file.
  • COPY copies file(s) from one location to another.
  • REN renames a file.
  • RD removes directory, but the directory must be empty
  • Commands that need an external additional file with command.com are external commands. Example: XCOPY, CHKDSK, LABEL, TREE etc.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

What is a bank reconciliation statement?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>A bank reconciliation statement is a statement that is prepared to reconcile the balances shown by the cash book and the pass book by finding the causes of difference between two balances.</p>

Q2:

What are the need and importance of bank reconciliation statement?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The need and importance of bank reconciliation statement can be stated as follows:</p> <ul><li>It ensures the accuracy of the balances shown by the pass book and the cashbook.</li> <li>It provides a check on the accuracy of entries made in both the books.</li> <li>It helps to detect and rectify any error committed in both the books.</li> <li>It helps to update the cash book by discovering some entries not yet recorded.</li> <li>It indicates any undue delay in the collection and clearance of some cheques.</li> </ul>

Q3:

What are the causes or reasons for the disagreement between the balances shown by the pass book and the cash book?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The following are the important causes or reasons for the disagreement between the balances shown by the pass book and the cash book:</p> <ul><li>Cheques issued but not presented for payment.</li> <li>Cheques paid or deposited but not collected and credited by the bank</li> <li>Interest credited by bank but not entered in cash book</li> <li>Bank charges, commission and interest on overdraft debited by the bank but not entered in cash book</li> <li>Expenses directly paid by bank on behalf of customer but not recorded in cash book</li> <li>Incomes directly collected by the bank on the behalf of customer but not recorded in cash book</li> <li>Amount directly deposited into the bank by debtors but not entered in cash book</li> <li>Cheque deposited into the bank but dishonoured</li> <li>Dishonor of bill discounted with the bank</li> <li>Errors committed in the cashbook and passbook</li> </ul>

Videos

Bank Reconciliation Statement
How to perform a bank reconciliation
Internal and External Commands Used in MS-DOS

Internal and External Commands Used in MS-DOS

Internal Commands

CLS

This command clears the screen.

Syntax: CLS

Example: C:/> CLS

DIR

Syntax:DIR [drive] [switches]
where switches and their meanings are given below:

Switch Meaning
/P Page-wise pausing
/W Wide-wise pausing
/AD Directories
/AH Hidden files
/0 Displays files/directories in sorted order with following specifications

Use: Displays files, directories and sub-directories.
Example: dir d: /p
Output: Displays list of directory page wise

COPY

Syntax:COPY
Use: This command copies file(s) from one location to another.
Example:C:\>COPY C:\Nepal C:\china

TYPE

Syntax: TYPE
Use: Used to display the content of a file.
Example:C:\>TYPE Nepal.txt
Output: This command display the information contained in the file name Nepal.txt

Other Examples:
C:\>Type REED.txt
Now you can view the content of REED.txt

REN

Syntax: REN
Use: Used to rename a file.
Example:A:\> REN nepal.doc patan.doc
Output: This will rename the old file nepal.doc into patan.doc

Other Examples:
C:\>REN * .COM *.EXE
To rename all the files having .com as an extension into the extension .exe with the same primary file name of drive C.

DEL

Syntax: DEL filename
Use: Used to delete file(s)
Example: C:\>DEL try.exe
Output: It deletes try.exe file from drive C.

MD

Syntax: MD< directory- name>
Use: Used to create a directory
Example: C:\>MD School
Output: A directory named "School" is created in root directory C.

Date

Syntax: Date
Use: This command is used to display and change system date of the computer.
Example: C:\>DATE
Output: Current date is sat 08-04-2004
Enter new date (mm-dd-yy):

Time

Syntax: TIME
Use: This command is used to change and display the current system time of the computer.
Example:C:\>TIME
Output:Current time is 7:15:01.91
Enter new time:

CD

Syntax: CD
Use: Used to change or get into the directory.
Example:C:\> CD School
Output: This command let us get into directory School and we will be in C:\ School>

RD

Syntax: RD [directory]
Use: Used to remove a directory, but the directory must be empty.
Example: C:\>RD School
Output: It removes directory School, which is in C drive.

VOL

This command shows volume level in the disk.

Syntax: VOL [Drive:]

Example: c:/> VOL

External Commands

EDIT

Syntax: EDIT
Use: Used to edit files.
Example: C:\>EDIT Suyasha.txt
Output: This command will open the DOS file Suyasha.txt and will allow us to edit the file.

FORMAT

This command is used to format the disk.

Syntax: Format [Drive:] [Path] File name

Example: c:/ format d:/Q/

Lesson

Operating System : MS-DOS and MS-WINDOWS

Subject

Computer

Grade

Grade 8

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