Rotation

Rotation means a complete turn around a central point. The distance from the center to any point on the shape stays the same. Every point makes a circle around the center.The movement of a geometric figure about a certain point is the rotation. The amount of rotation is described in terms of degrees. If the degrees are positive, the rotation is performed counterclockwise, if they are negative, the rotation is clockwise. The figure will not change size or shape, but, unlike a translation, will change direction.

There are three conditions required to rotate a figure. They are

• Centre of Rotation
• Angle of Rotation
• Direction of Rotation

In the given figure, a centre is an origin, the angle is 90° and direction is anti-clockwise.

In the figure, the centre is an origin, the angle is -90° and direction is clockwise.

Rotation using coordinates

1. Rotation of 90°( positive quarter turn)

When a point P(3, 2) is rotated about origin through +90°,
the image of the point becomes P(-2, 3).
Look at the graph given below.
A general rule:
R_90° (x, y) = (-y, x)

2. Rotation of 180°

When a point P(3, 2) is rotated about origin through 180°,
the image of the point becomes P(-3, -2).
Look at the graph below:
A general rule:
R_180°(x, y) → (-x, -y)

3. Rotation of 270°

When a point P(2, -3) is rotated about origin through 270°,
the image of the point becomes P(2, -3)
Look at the graph given below:
A general rule:
R_270°(x, y)→(y, -x)

When a point P(x, y) is rotated about the origin through 180°,

P(x, y) → P'(-x, -y)

O(0, 0) → O'(0, 0)

A(1, 0) → A'(-1, 0)

B(1, 1) → B'(-1, -1) and

C(0, 1) → C' (0, -1)

Now, we plot a unit square and its image in the same graph.