Handling Mails
Handling mail is a process of receiving, recording and dispatching the receiving and sending letters and documents in properly. Handling mail is also known as 'Darta Chalani'. Handling mail is one of the important routine functions of every office which should be performed by the office assistant efficiently. This note has information about handling incoming and outgoing mails.
Summary
Handling mail is a process of receiving, recording and dispatching the receiving and sending letters and documents in properly. Handling mail is also known as 'Darta Chalani'. Handling mail is one of the important routine functions of every office which should be performed by the office assistant efficiently. This note has information about handling incoming and outgoing mails.
Things to Remember
- Handling mail is a process of receiving, recording and dispatching the receiving and sending letters and documents in properly.
- The incoming mail is received and recorded by the office in the entry book or register book. The outgoing mail are drafted by the office in the dispatch book. This outgoing mail are dispatched by the office through the post office or messenger.
- Handling mail is also known as 'Darta Chalani'.
- The mailing department records the incoming mail in a book called entry book.
MCQs
No MCQs found.
Subjective Questions
Q1:
Define arthroscopy.
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the interior of a joint with a specially designed fibero-optic endoscope. Although this techinque can visualize many joint in the body. It is most commonly used to examine the knee. Typically , it is performed by orthopedic surgeon in an outpatient setting . When performed in the outpatient setting, apatient can usually return home after the procedure.</p>
Q2:
Explain the patient preparation for arthroscopy.
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p><strong>Patient Preparation</strong></p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
Q3:
Explain in detail about arthroscopy.
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <h3>Arthroscopy</h3>
<h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the interior of a joint with a specially designed fibero-optic endoscope. Although this techinque can visualize many joint in the body. It is most commonly used to examine the knee. Typically , it is performed by orthopedic surgeon in an outpatient setting . When performed in the outpatient setting, apatient can usually return home after the procedure.</p>
<h4>Purposes</h4>
<p>oTo detect and diagnose meniscal, patellar, condylar, extra synovial,and synovial diseases.</p>
<p>oTo monitor the progression of diseases.</p>
<p>oTo perform joint surgery.</p>
<p><strong>Patient Preparation</strong></p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
<h4>Equipments</h4>
<ul>
<li>Skin antiseptic (povidone-iodine solution)\arthoscope and accessory equipment</li>
<li>Pointed scalpel</li>
<li>Sterile gloves</li>
<li>Local anesthetic</li>
<li>Sterile needle 12ml and 60ml syringes</li>
<li>Waterproof stockinette</li>
<li>Elastic bandage</li>
<li>Pneumatic tourniquet</li>
<li>Epinephrine(1:100000 in 1% lidocaine solution)500ml normal saline</li>
<li>Continuous drainage system</li>
<li>Sponges2*2 sterile gauze padsSterile drapesSmall adhesive bandages</li>
</ul>
<h4>Procedure</h4>
<ul>
<li>After the patient is placed in a supine position on the operating table,a pneumatic tourniquet may be placed around his leg but not tightened.</li>
<li>After the foot of the table is lowered so the patient knee is bent at about 45 degrees, the stockinette is opened , and the local anesthetic is administered.</li>
<li>If the procedure is being performed under a local anesthetic ,warm the patient that he will feel a thumbing sensation as the cannula with sharp trocar is inserted into capsule at appointing medial to the patellar tendon.</li>
<li>Next the trocar is removed and replaced with a blunt obturator, which penetrates the synovial causing transient pain.</li>
<li>The arthroscope is inserted in and out of various joint spaces or is held steady as the knee is bent ,extended and turned to aid visualization .</li>
<li>After visual examination a synovial biopsy or appropriate surgery may be performed.</li>
<li>When the examination is completed the arthroscope is removed ,the joint irrigated by way of cannula ,the cannula removed and gentle manual pressure is applied to the knee to help remove saline solution.</li>
<li>An adhesive strip and compression dressing are then applied over the incision site.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Precaution</strong></p>
<p>1.Arthroscopy is contraindicated in a patient with fibrous ankylosis with flexion of less than50 degree.</p>
<p>2.It is also contraindicated in patient with local skin or wound infections.</p>
<p><strong>Risk related to arthroscopic knee surgery</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Postoperative bleeding</li>
<li>Deep vein Thrombosis</li>
<li>Infection</li>
<li>Stiffness</li>
<li>Numbness to part of skin near the incision</li>
<li>Injury to vessels ,nerves and a chronic pain syndrome</li>
<li>Progression of the disease process</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Post-operative care</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Watch for fever and swelling ,increased pain and localized inflammation at the incision site.</li>
<li>If the patient report discomfort administer analgesic</li>
<li>Tell the patient that he may resume his usual diet that was discontinued before the test.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the interior of a joint with a specially designed fibero-optic endoscope. Although this techinque can visualize many joint in the body. It is most commonly used to examine the knee. Typically , it is performed by orthopedic surgeon in an outpatient setting . When performed in the outpatient setting, apatient can usually return home after the procedure.</p>
<h4>Purposes</h4>
<p>oTo detect and diagnose meniscal, patellar, condylar, extra synovial,and synovial diseases.</p>
<p>oTo monitor the progression of diseases.</p>
<p>oTo perform joint surgery.</p>
<p><strong>Patient Preparation</strong></p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
<h4>Equipments</h4>
<ul>
<li>Skin antiseptic (povidone-iodine solution)\arthoscope and accessory equipment</li>
<li>Pointed scalpel</li>
<li>Sterile gloves</li>
<li>Local anesthetic</li>
<li>Sterile needle 12ml and 60ml syringes</li>
<li>Waterproof stockinette</li>
<li>Elastic bandage</li>
<li>Pneumatic tourniquet</li>
<li>Epinephrine(1:100000 in 1% lidocaine solution)500ml normal saline</li>
<li>Continuous drainage system</li>
<li>Sponges2*2 sterile gauze padsSterile drapesSmall adhesive bandages</li>
</ul>
<h4>Procedure</h4>
<ul>
<li>After the patient is placed in a supine position on the operating table,a pneumatic tourniquet may be placed around his leg but not tightened.</li>
<li>After the foot of the table is lowered so the patient knee is bent at about 45 degrees, the stockinette is opened , and the local anesthetic is administered.</li>
<li>If the procedure is being performed under a local anesthetic ,warm the patient that he will feel a thumbing sensation as the cannula with sharp trocar is inserted into capsule at appointing medial to the patellar tendon.</li>
<li>Next the trocar is removed and replaced with a blunt obturator, which penetrates the synovial causing transient pain.</li>
<li>The arthroscope is inserted in and out of various joint spaces or is held steady as the knee is bent ,extended and turned to aid visualization .</li>
<li>After visual examination a synovial biopsy or appropriate surgery may be performed.</li>
<li>When the examination is completed the arthroscope is removed ,the joint irrigated by way of cannula ,the cannula removed and gentle manual pressure is applied to the knee to help remove saline solution.</li>
<li>An adhesive strip and compression dressing are then applied over the incision site.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Precaution</strong></p>
<p>1.Arthroscopy is contraindicated in a patient with fibrous ankylosis with flexion of less than50 degree.</p>
<p>2.It is also contraindicated in patient with local skin or wound infections.</p>
<p><strong>Risk related to arthroscopic knee surgery</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Postoperative bleeding</li>
<li>Deep vein Thrombosis</li>
<li>Infection</li>
<li>Stiffness</li>
<li>Numbness to part of skin near the incision</li>
<li>Injury to vessels ,nerves and a chronic pain syndrome</li>
<li>Progression of the disease process</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Post-operative care</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Watch for fever and swelling ,increased pain and localized inflammation at the incision site.</li>
<li>If the patient report discomfort administer analgesic</li>
<li>Tell the patient that he may resume his usual diet that was discontinued before the test.</li>
</ul>
Q4:
Explain in detail about arthroscopy.
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <h3>Arthroscopy</h3>
<h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the interior of a joint with a specially designed fibero-optic endoscope. Although this techinque can visualize many joint in the body. It is most commonly used to examine the knee. Typically , it is performed by orthopedic surgeon in an outpatient setting . When performed in the outpatient setting, apatient can usually return home after the procedure.</p>
<h4>Purposes</h4>
<p>oTo detect and diagnose meniscal, patellar, condylar, extra synovial,and synovial diseases.</p>
<p>oTo monitor the progression of diseases.</p>
<p>oTo perform joint surgery.</p>
<p><strong>Patient Preparation</strong></p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
<h4>Equipments</h4>
<ul>
<li>Skin antiseptic (povidone-iodine solution)\arthoscope and accessory equipment</li>
<li>Pointed scalpel</li>
<li>Sterile gloves</li>
<li>Local anesthetic</li>
<li>Sterile needle 12ml and 60ml syringes</li>
<li>Waterproof stockinette</li>
<li>Elastic bandage</li>
<li>Pneumatic tourniquet</li>
<li>Epinephrine(1:100000 in 1% lidocaine solution)500ml normal saline</li>
<li>Continuous drainage system</li>
<li>Sponges2*2 sterile gauze padsSterile drapesSmall adhesive bandages</li>
</ul>
<h4>Procedure</h4>
<ul>
<li>After the patient is placed in a supine position on the operating table,a pneumatic tourniquet may be placed around his leg but not tightened.</li>
<li>After the foot of the table is lowered so the patient knee is bent at about 45 degrees, the stockinette is opened , and the local anesthetic is administered.</li>
<li>If the procedure is being performed under a local anesthetic ,warm the patient that he will feel a thumbing sensation as the cannula with sharp trocar is inserted into capsule at appointing medial to the patellar tendon.</li>
<li>Next the trocar is removed and replaced with a blunt obturator, which penetrates the synovial causing transient pain.</li>
<li>The arthroscope is inserted in and out of various joint spaces or is held steady as the knee is bent ,extended and turned to aid visualization .</li>
<li>After visual examination a synovial biopsy or appropriate surgery may be performed.</li>
<li>When the examination is completed the arthroscope is removed ,the joint irrigated by way of cannula ,the cannula removed and gentle manual pressure is applied to the knee to help remove saline solution.</li>
<li>An adhesive strip and compression dressing are then applied over the incision site.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Precaution</strong></p>
<p>1.Arthroscopy is contraindicated in a patient with fibrous ankylosis with flexion of less than50 degree.</p>
<p>2.It is also contraindicated in patient with local skin or wound infections.</p>
<p><strong>Risk related to arthroscopic knee surgery</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Postoperative bleeding</li>
<li>Deep vein Thrombosis</li>
<li>Infection</li>
<li>Stiffness</li>
<li>Numbness to part of skin near the incision</li>
<li>Injury to vessels ,nerves and a chronic pain syndrome</li>
<li>Progression of the disease process</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Post-operative care</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Watch for fever and swelling ,increased pain and localized inflammation at the incision site.</li>
<li>If the patient report discomfort administer analgesic</li>
<li>Tell the patient that he may resume his usual diet that was discontinued before the test.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the interior of a joint with a specially designed fibero-optic endoscope. Although this techinque can visualize many joint in the body. It is most commonly used to examine the knee. Typically , it is performed by orthopedic surgeon in an outpatient setting . When performed in the outpatient setting, apatient can usually return home after the procedure.</p>
<h4>Purposes</h4>
<p>oTo detect and diagnose meniscal, patellar, condylar, extra synovial,and synovial diseases.</p>
<p>oTo monitor the progression of diseases.</p>
<p>oTo perform joint surgery.</p>
<p><strong>Patient Preparation</strong></p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
<h4>Equipments</h4>
<ul>
<li>Skin antiseptic (povidone-iodine solution)\arthoscope and accessory equipment</li>
<li>Pointed scalpel</li>
<li>Sterile gloves</li>
<li>Local anesthetic</li>
<li>Sterile needle 12ml and 60ml syringes</li>
<li>Waterproof stockinette</li>
<li>Elastic bandage</li>
<li>Pneumatic tourniquet</li>
<li>Epinephrine(1:100000 in 1% lidocaine solution)500ml normal saline</li>
<li>Continuous drainage system</li>
<li>Sponges2*2 sterile gauze padsSterile drapesSmall adhesive bandages</li>
</ul>
<h4>Procedure</h4>
<ul>
<li>After the patient is placed in a supine position on the operating table,a pneumatic tourniquet may be placed around his leg but not tightened.</li>
<li>After the foot of the table is lowered so the patient knee is bent at about 45 degrees, the stockinette is opened , and the local anesthetic is administered.</li>
<li>If the procedure is being performed under a local anesthetic ,warm the patient that he will feel a thumbing sensation as the cannula with sharp trocar is inserted into capsule at appointing medial to the patellar tendon.</li>
<li>Next the trocar is removed and replaced with a blunt obturator, which penetrates the synovial causing transient pain.</li>
<li>The arthroscope is inserted in and out of various joint spaces or is held steady as the knee is bent ,extended and turned to aid visualization .</li>
<li>After visual examination a synovial biopsy or appropriate surgery may be performed.</li>
<li>When the examination is completed the arthroscope is removed ,the joint irrigated by way of cannula ,the cannula removed and gentle manual pressure is applied to the knee to help remove saline solution.</li>
<li>An adhesive strip and compression dressing are then applied over the incision site.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Precaution</strong></p>
<p>1.Arthroscopy is contraindicated in a patient with fibrous ankylosis with flexion of less than50 degree.</p>
<p>2.It is also contraindicated in patient with local skin or wound infections.</p>
<p><strong>Risk related to arthroscopic knee surgery</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Postoperative bleeding</li>
<li>Deep vein Thrombosis</li>
<li>Infection</li>
<li>Stiffness</li>
<li>Numbness to part of skin near the incision</li>
<li>Injury to vessels ,nerves and a chronic pain syndrome</li>
<li>Progression of the disease process</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Post-operative care</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Watch for fever and swelling ,increased pain and localized inflammation at the incision site.</li>
<li>If the patient report discomfort administer analgesic</li>
<li>Tell the patient that he may resume his usual diet that was discontinued before the test.</li>
</ul>
Q5:
Explain in detail about arthroscopy.
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <h3>Arthroscopy</h3>
<h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the interior of a joint with a specially designed fibero-optic endoscope. Although this techinque can visualize many joint in the body. It is most commonly used to examine the knee. Typically , it is performed by orthopedic surgeon in an outpatient setting . When performed in the outpatient setting, apatient can usually return home after the procedure.</p>
<h4>Purposes</h4>
<p>oTo detect and diagnose meniscal, patellar, condylar, extra synovial,and synovial diseases.</p>
<p>oTo monitor the progression of diseases.</p>
<p>oTo perform joint surgery.</p>
<p><strong>Patient Preparation</strong></p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
<h4>Equipments</h4>
<ul>
<li>Skin antiseptic (povidone-iodine solution)\arthoscope and accessory equipment</li>
<li>Pointed scalpel</li>
<li>Sterile gloves</li>
<li>Local anesthetic</li>
<li>Sterile needle 12ml and 60ml syringes</li>
<li>Waterproof stockinette</li>
<li>Elastic bandage</li>
<li>Pneumatic tourniquet</li>
<li>Epinephrine(1:100000 in 1% lidocaine solution)500ml normal saline</li>
<li>Continuous drainage system</li>
<li>Sponges2*2 sterile gauze padsSterile drapesSmall adhesive bandages</li>
</ul>
<h4>Procedure</h4>
<ul>
<li>After the patient is placed in a supine position on the operating table,a pneumatic tourniquet may be placed around his leg but not tightened.</li>
<li>After the foot of the table is lowered so the patient knee is bent at about 45 degrees, the stockinette is opened , and the local anesthetic is administered.</li>
<li>If the procedure is being performed under a local anesthetic ,warm the patient that he will feel a thumbing sensation as the cannula with sharp trocar is inserted into capsule at appointing medial to the patellar tendon.</li>
<li>Next the trocar is removed and replaced with a blunt obturator, which penetrates the synovial causing transient pain.</li>
<li>The arthroscope is inserted in and out of various joint spaces or is held steady as the knee is bent ,extended and turned to aid visualization .</li>
<li>After visual examination a synovial biopsy or appropriate surgery may be performed.</li>
<li>When the examination is completed the arthroscope is removed ,the joint irrigated by way of cannula ,the cannula removed and gentle manual pressure is applied to the knee to help remove saline solution.</li>
<li>An adhesive strip and compression dressing are then applied over the incision site.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Precaution</strong></p>
<p>1.Arthroscopy is contraindicated in a patient with fibrous ankylosis with flexion of less than50 degree.</p>
<p>2.It is also contraindicated in patient with local skin or wound infections.</p>
<p><strong>Risk related to arthroscopic knee surgery</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Postoperative bleeding</li>
<li>Deep vein Thrombosis</li>
<li>Infection</li>
<li>Stiffness</li>
<li>Numbness to part of skin near the incision</li>
<li>Injury to vessels ,nerves and a chronic pain syndrome</li>
<li>Progression of the disease process</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Post-operative care</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Watch for fever and swelling ,increased pain and localized inflammation at the incision site.</li>
<li>If the patient report discomfort administer analgesic</li>
<li>Tell the patient that he may resume his usual diet that was discontinued before the test.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>Arthroscopy is the visual examination of the interior of a joint with a specially designed fibero-optic endoscope. Although this techinque can visualize many joint in the body. It is most commonly used to examine the knee. Typically , it is performed by orthopedic surgeon in an outpatient setting . When performed in the outpatient setting, apatient can usually return home after the procedure.</p>
<h4>Purposes</h4>
<p>oTo detect and diagnose meniscal, patellar, condylar, extra synovial,and synovial diseases.</p>
<p>oTo monitor the progression of diseases.</p>
<p>oTo perform joint surgery.</p>
<p><strong>Patient Preparation</strong></p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oDescribe the procedure to the patient and answer any question he or she may have.</p>
<p>oInstruct the patient to fast after mid -night before the procedure.</p>
<p>oIf local anesthesia is to be used , tell the patient he may experience transient discomfort from the injection.</p>
<p>oMake sure the patient or responsible members of the family has signed consent form.</p>
<p>oCheck the patient history for hypersensitivity for anesthesia.</p>
<p>oBefore the procedure shave the areas(12.5cm) above and below the joint then administer a sedative as ordered.</p>
<h4>Equipments</h4>
<ul>
<li>Skin antiseptic (povidone-iodine solution)\arthoscope and accessory equipment</li>
<li>Pointed scalpel</li>
<li>Sterile gloves</li>
<li>Local anesthetic</li>
<li>Sterile needle 12ml and 60ml syringes</li>
<li>Waterproof stockinette</li>
<li>Elastic bandage</li>
<li>Pneumatic tourniquet</li>
<li>Epinephrine(1:100000 in 1% lidocaine solution)500ml normal saline</li>
<li>Continuous drainage system</li>
<li>Sponges2*2 sterile gauze padsSterile drapesSmall adhesive bandages</li>
</ul>
<h4>Procedure</h4>
<ul>
<li>After the patient is placed in a supine position on the operating table,a pneumatic tourniquet may be placed around his leg but not tightened.</li>
<li>After the foot of the table is lowered so the patient knee is bent at about 45 degrees, the stockinette is opened , and the local anesthetic is administered.</li>
<li>If the procedure is being performed under a local anesthetic ,warm the patient that he will feel a thumbing sensation as the cannula with sharp trocar is inserted into capsule at appointing medial to the patellar tendon.</li>
<li>Next the trocar is removed and replaced with a blunt obturator, which penetrates the synovial causing transient pain.</li>
<li>The arthroscope is inserted in and out of various joint spaces or is held steady as the knee is bent ,extended and turned to aid visualization .</li>
<li>After visual examination a synovial biopsy or appropriate surgery may be performed.</li>
<li>When the examination is completed the arthroscope is removed ,the joint irrigated by way of cannula ,the cannula removed and gentle manual pressure is applied to the knee to help remove saline solution.</li>
<li>An adhesive strip and compression dressing are then applied over the incision site.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Precaution</strong></p>
<p>1.Arthroscopy is contraindicated in a patient with fibrous ankylosis with flexion of less than50 degree.</p>
<p>2.It is also contraindicated in patient with local skin or wound infections.</p>
<p><strong>Risk related to arthroscopic knee surgery</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Postoperative bleeding</li>
<li>Deep vein Thrombosis</li>
<li>Infection</li>
<li>Stiffness</li>
<li>Numbness to part of skin near the incision</li>
<li>Injury to vessels ,nerves and a chronic pain syndrome</li>
<li>Progression of the disease process</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Post-operative care</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Watch for fever and swelling ,increased pain and localized inflammation at the incision site.</li>
<li>If the patient report discomfort administer analgesic</li>
<li>Tell the patient that he may resume his usual diet that was discontinued before the test.</li>
</ul>
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Handling Mails
Handling mail is a process of sending, recording and receiving the documents in a systematic way. The incoming mail which is received should be recorded in the entry book or register book by the office. The outgoing mail should be drafted in the dispatch book by the office. This outgoing mail is dispatched through the post office or messenger. Handling mail is also known as 'Darta Chalani'. Every office must have handling mail which should be performed by office assistant efficiently because handling mail is one of the important routine functions.
Handling Incoming mail
Handling incoming mail is the process of receiving all letters and documents and recording them in entry book or register book in a systematic way. The process of handling incoming mail are as follows:
- Receiving the mail
The incoming mail is the mail received by the mailing department or Darta Chalani Plant brought to the office by the postman or messenger or some may also be collected from post box by the employees. - Recording the mail
When the mail is received by the mailing department then they record the incoming mail in a book called entry book or 'Darta Kitab'. - Stamping the mail
After recording the mail, the mail is stamped by the mailing department on the top of the first page of the letter. The stamp contains the information relating to the reference number, entry number, and date. - Distributing the mail
For further processing and clearing, the mailing department distributes the letter to its concerned section or authority. - Clearing the mail
When concerned section or authority receives the letter from mailing department, it processes and clears the letters on the basis of their importance and priority.
Handling outgoing mail
Handling outgoing mail is the process of drafting the letters and documents and dispatching them to the concerned office or authority after recording in dispatch book in a systematic manner. The processes of outgoing mail are as follows:
- Drafting the mail
The outgoing mail is typed in computer and is prepared by the concerned section or authority. And then it is signed by the responsible officer for its validity. - Collecting the mail
The signed letter is collected by the mailing department through the concerned section or authority. If necessary, the concerned section can also send the letter to mailing department for final dispatch. - Recording the mail
All primary record of all the letters dispatched by the office to different persons and offices are recorded in a book which is called dispatch book. All the collected mails are recorded in dispatch book. - Stamping the mail
The letter which is to be sent must be stamped and folded and inserted in a right sized envelope. The address of the receiver should be written correctly. According to the weight and size of the letter and distance, the postal ticket is charged. - Dispatching the mail
The letter is dispatched to the concerned person or office by the mailing department through the post office or messenger.
Lesson
Correspondence
Subject
Accountancy
Grade
Grade 8
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