Peace and its Management

Peace refers to the condition in which the aspects such as war, violence, etc. are absent. It is a favorable situation for development and prosperity. This note has information about peace and ways to maintain peace.

Summary

Peace refers to the condition in which the aspects such as war, violence, etc. are absent. It is a favorable situation for development and prosperity. This note has information about peace and ways to maintain peace.

Things to Remember

  • Peace refers to the condition in which the aspects such as war, violence, etc. are absent. 
  • The school is called as a ‘Zone of Peace’. 
  • The absence of the effective rule of law, lack of inclusiveness, political instability, irresponsible government, etc are some of the obstacles to peace in Nepal.
  • A nation can be developed rapidly in a peaceful environment.
  • The political activities like strikes, rallies, etc. affect the peaceful environment of the school. 

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

Clarify management as science, an art and a profession.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <h4>Management as science</h4>
<p>Management can be taken as science as it is a systemized branch of knowledge or principle which can be proved and is found out by continuous observation and verified experimentations. Management is not pure science but it is a social science as it deals with Human beings and their behavior. Features of Management as science are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The systematic body of knowledge:</strong> Management has various theories, concepts, principles, models and techniques which help in systematic solution to an issue. Thus, Management is a systemized body of knowledge.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Universally applicable:</strong> The concepts and theories of Management are true throughout the world. Principle of the division of work, the unity of command, the unity of direction etc are accepted all over the world. This universal acceptability makes management as a science.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Cause and effect relationship:</strong> Management also follows the principle of cause and effect relationship. When a certain Management action is taken then it affects the organization in a certain manner.&nbsp;For example, motivated employee is more efficient than a unmotivated employee.&nbsp;<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Observation and Experiment:</strong> The laws of Management are derived from many observations and different experiments carried out in various organizations. So the theories of Management are based on the findings and proofs of Observation and Experimentations.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Predictability:</strong>&nbsp;The result of the management principles which are based on scientific observation and investigation is eaxct, definite and predictable.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Management as an art</h4>
<p>Management is an art of getting the work done through others. Management is the skill and art of a manager on how they are able to manage the people and resources to complete the task and attain the goals. Features of Management as an Art are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Practical Knowledge:</strong> In a workplace, a manager has to make lots of decisions. So Experience of a manager helps the manager to make a practical decision. Thus, practical knowledge is an art which helps a manager to make a correct decision.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Creativity:</strong> In an organization, a manager&nbsp;has to use his personal imagination, creativity and intelligence to become a sucessful executive.&nbsp;Only through innovative concepts and creative thinking a manager can be successful to manage his employees well.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Personal Qualities:</strong> If a Manager is highly influential then he can motivate the employees to work harder for the attainment of goals. This suggests that personal qualities such as personality, physic, linguistic capabilities etc. are necessary for a manager.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Betterment through Practice:</strong>&nbsp;"<em>Practice&nbsp;makes a man perfect"&nbsp;</em>is the old statement applied by management. Managerial efficiency is developed through practice. Thus, management needs regular practice for efficient work performance.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Result-oriented:</strong> Management is an art which focuses on the attainment of the organizational goal in the most effective and efficient manner.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Management as profession</h4>
<p>Management in today&rsquo;s world can be taken as a separate profession or occupation. In the past, there was no separation of ownership and Management. Management is taught and trained in universities as other disciplines and has a huge scope Hence Management can be taken as a profession. Features of Management as a Profession are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Specialized knowledge:</strong> A profession should have a peculiar specialization in a particular field. An individual cannot effectively and efficiently manage the affair of business unless he has special ability and aptitude for work. Management is a separate discipline having a specialized and organized body of knowledge.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Formal education and training:</strong>&nbsp;In order to be professional managers, formal education and training is necessary. One cannot practice the profession without any guidance or training. Similarly, management is taught and trained in various universities throughout the world. One need to holds a certain degree and attain certain knowledge and thus may apply for management post in an organization. However, there is no compulsion for a degree to get a job as a manager by the law.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Social Responsibility:</strong> A profession is always linked with society. A man cannot perform his task running away from the society. Managers have social obligation not only towards the shareholders but also to the customers, creditors and the government. A manager works not only for fee but also to provide services to the society.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Professional Association:</strong> Any profession has a group or association who decide the rules and regulation for the profession they are engaged. The members of an association must follow the rules and regulation set by the association. This association safeguards their rights and promotes their common interests.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Code of conduct:</strong> Any profession must be ethical to the society. They must follow the rules and regulations and should be morally correct. They should not violate other&rsquo;s rights. So there must be a standard set of values such as honesty, integrity, and ethics.</li>
</ul>
<p>So we are clear that Management meets all the requirements to be a science, an art, and a profession. Hence, we can conclude that Management is multidisciplinary in Nature.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

Q2:

Briefly explain the levels of management.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Level of management refers to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in an organization. The management hierarchy or chain of command in an organization is usually divided into certain level of authority which are called as levels of management. There are three levels of management. They are:</p>
<h4>Top Level Management</h4>
<p>The top most level of management consists of the Chief executive officer, President, General Manager, Managing director, Board of Director and shareholders. They are the brain of the management. They are the most powerful people in the organization as they carry more authority and they make the policies and strategies of the organization. Hence, they are also known as the strategic managers. Some of the Major functions of Top level management are:</p>
<ol>
<li>They are the starters and promoters of the organization.</li>
<li>Formulation of long-term plans and policies and strategies and set objectives of the organization</li>
<li>Organizes various departments and divisions in the organizational structure to implement the plans and policies.</li>
<li>Coordinates the human resources with the other factors of production for efficiency.</li>
<li>Reviews the work of all the departments and takes necessary steps to achieve higher efficiency.</li>
<li>Lead the organization and directs the overall activities to achieve the desired output.</li>
<li>Links and communicates the organization with the external environment.</li>
<li>Provides guidelines to the middle level management.</li>
</ol>
<h4>Middle-level Management</h4>
<p>The middle-level management consists of various managers such as department heads, divisional heads, section heads, branch managers, strategic business unit head etc. Middle-level management acts as the bridge between the top level management and lower level management. This level is also known as tactical level of management. It follows the plans and policies and strategies set by the top level management and forwards the plans to the lower level management and they formulate the department and section goals to achieve the overall goals of the organization. Some major functions of Middle-level management are:</p>
<ol>
<li>Establishes a relationship between the lower level and top level management.</li>
<li>Implementation of plans, policies, and strategies designed by the top level management.</li>
<li>They design the organizational structure of their related departments, sections, branches and strategic business units.</li>
<li>They recruit and train the employees to get into various departments.</li>
<li>They provide the guidelines to the lower level managers.</li>
<li>They transfer the problems and feedbacks to the top level management.</li>
<li>They motivate, supervise and lead the operating level managers to achieve higher productivity.</li>
<li>They coordinate with other departments of the organization.</li>
</ol>
<h4>Lower Level Management</h4>
<p>The lower level management consists of supervisors, team leaders, superintendent, and foreman. They are the operating level managers as they deal with the workers to carry out the daily activities of the organization. They follow the plans and policies by the middle level management. They help in smooth running of the organization. They serve as the channel communication between management and the workforce. They are concerned with the mechanics of jobs. Some of the functions of lower level management are:</p>
<ol>
<li>Leads and directs the workers to perform the daily activities of the organization</li>
<li>Supervises and controls the work of the workers to get higher efficiency.</li>
<li>Arranges the human resources and other resources to perform the job.</li>
<li>Assign tasks and work to the workers and guide them by providing goals.</li>
<li>Establishes a relationship between the middle level management and the workers.</li>
<li>Transports the suggestions and feedbacks to the middle level management.</li>
<li>Co-ordinates the labor and maintains discipline among the workers.</li>
</ol>

Q3:

Explain management as a science.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <h4>Management as science</h4>
<p>Management can be taken as science as it is a systemized branch of knowledge or principle which can be proved and is found out by continuous observation and verified experimentations. Management is not pure science but it is a social science as it deals with Human beings and their behavior. Features of Management as science are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The systematic body of knowledge:</strong> Management has various theories, concepts, principles, models and techniques which help in systematic solution to an issue. Thus, Management is a systemized body of knowledge.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Universally applicable:</strong> The concepts and theories of Management are true throughout the world. Principle of the division of work, the unity of command, the unity of direction etc are accepted all over the world. This universal acceptability makes management as a science.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Cause and effect relationship:</strong> Management also follows the principle of cause and effect relationship. When a certain Management action is taken then it affects the organization in a certain manner.&nbsp;For example, motivated employee is more efficient than a unmotivated employee.&nbsp;<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Observation and Experiment:</strong> The laws of Management are derived from many observations and different experiments carried out in various organizations. So the theories of Management are based on the findings and proofs of Observation and Experimentations.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Predictability:</strong>&nbsp;The result of the management principles which are based on scientific observation and investigation is eaxct, definite and predictable.</li>
</ul>

Q4:

Explain management as an art.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <h4>Management as an art</h4>
<p>Management is an art of getting the work done through others. Management is the skill and art of a manager on how they are able to manage the people and resources to complete the task and attain the goals. Features of Management as an Art are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Practical Knowledge:</strong> In a workplace, a manager has to make lots of decisions. So Experience of a manager helps the manager to make a practical decision. Thus, practical knowledge is an art which helps a manager to make a correct decision.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Creativity:</strong> In an organization, a manager&nbsp;has to use his personal imagination, creativity and intelligence to become a sucessful executive.&nbsp;Only through innovative concepts and creative thinking a manager can be successful to manage his employees well.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Personal Qualities:</strong> If a Manager is highly influential then he can motivate the employees to work harder for the attainment of goals. This suggests that personal qualities such as personality, physic, linguistic capabilities etc. are necessary for a manager.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Betterment through Practice:</strong>&nbsp;"<em>Practice&nbsp;makes a man perfect"&nbsp;</em>is the old statement applied by management. Managerial efficiency is developed through practice. Thus, management needs regular practice for efficient work performance.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Result-oriented:</strong> Management is an art which focuses on the attainment of the organizational goal in the most effective and efficient manner.</li>
</ul>
<h4>&nbsp;</h4>

Q5:

Justify management as a profession.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <h4>Management as profession</h4>
<p>Management in today&rsquo;s world can be taken as a separate profession or occupation. In the past, there was no separation of ownership and Management. Management is taught and trained in universities as other disciplines and has a huge scope Hence Management can be taken as a profession. Features of Management as a Profession are:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Specialized knowledge:</strong> A profession should have a peculiar specialization in a particular field. An individual cannot effectively and efficiently manage the affair of business unless he has special ability and aptitude for work. Management is a separate discipline having a specialized and organized body of knowledge.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Formal education and training:</strong>&nbsp;In order to be professional managers, formal education and training is necessary. One cannot practice the profession without any guidance or training. Similarly, management is taught and trained in various universities throughout the world. One need to holds a certain degree and attain certain knowledge and thus may apply for management post in an organization. However, there is no compulsion for a degree to get a job as a manager by the law.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Social Responsibility:</strong> A profession is always linked with society. A man cannot perform his task running away from the society. Managers have social obligation not only towards the shareholders but also to the customers, creditors and the government. A manager works not only for fee but also to provide services to the society.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Professional Association:</strong> Any profession has a group or association who decide the rules and regulation for the profession they are engaged. The members of an association must follow the rules and regulation set by the association. This association safeguards their rights and promotes their common interests.<br /><br /></li>
<li><strong>Code of conduct:</strong> Any profession must be ethical to the society. They must follow the rules and regulations and should be morally correct. They should not violate other&rsquo;s rights. So there must be a standard set of values such as honesty, integrity, and ethics.</li>
</ul>

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Peace and its Management

Peace and its Management

a

Peace refers to the condition in which the aspects such as war, violence, etc. are absent. It is a favorable situation for development and prosperity. It is a situation in which everyone can feel safe and secure. Each and every individual can enjoy their rights freely. In a peaceful environment, one can work freely, creatively and comfortably.People get satisfied and happy in the peaceful environment. It is one of the prerequisites for the development of a nation. A nation can be developed rapidly in a peaceful environment. With ongoing conflict, development is not possible.

According to the constitutional provisions, every citizen shall have the right to acquire, own, sell, dispose, and otherwise, deal with it property. These provisions come under personal as well as public security.

The school is called as a ‘Zone of Peace’. It is a centre for acquiring education. As declared by the government that school as a Zone of Peace, it should not be only in words but also in practice. A school is an institution that teaches to have positive values and end the conflict creating matters such as physical torture, mental torture, discrimination based on caste, gender, religion and so on. The political activities like strikes, rallies, etc. affect the peaceful environment of the school. So, such activities must not be conducted. Both students and teachers should not be used for such political activities.

Obstacles to Peace in Nepal

The following factors create obstacles in maintaining peace of Nepal:

  • Absence of effective rule of law
  • Lack of inclusiveness
  • Political instability
  • Irresponsible government
  • Ignorance of government
  • Autocracy
  • Open border with India
  • Geographical diversity
  • Poverty
  • Unemployment
  • Misuse of means and resources

Ways to maintain Peace

The following are some of the ways to maintain peace in the society as well as in the nation:

  • The feeling of brotherhood must be developed.
  • There should be rapid alleviation of poverty.
  • The mentioned rights for each and every individual should be granted effectively.
  • The feeling of co-operation and responsibility must be developed.
  • The provision of security must be made effective and reliable.
  • There should be a transparent, responsible and accountable government.

Lesson

Civic Consciousness

Subject

Social Studies

Grade

Grade 9

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