Natural Hazard

Introduction

The surface or the structure of the earth does not always remain the same. It changes time to time. Some changes may be very small but some may be very big. There are various types of natural disaster that occurs in the earth. Some may have positive effects or some may have negative effects. Some may balance the environment but some may imbalance the environment. Some disaster may occur time to time but some may occur after a long period of time.There are various internal and external factors that cause the natural disasters. Earthquake in Nepal, tsunami in Bangladesh, earthquake and tsunami in Japan, flood in Sindhupalchowk of Nepal, etc are the examples of the natural disaster.

There are various types of natural disaster. Some disasters are small and do not harm the ecosystem and human civilization but some are very big and destroys the ecosystem and human civilization. Some of the big disasters are volcano,earthquake, tsunami etc. whose effects are very large. It causes huge loss of life and damage. It takes very long time to recover from their effects. Natural disasters are not only caused by nature but the human living on earth are also responsible for the natural disaster. Disasters like flood, landslide, burning of forest, etc are caused due to human activities like deforestation, unplanned industrialization, and urbanization, pollution etc.

Natural Hazards

The disaster caused by nature are called natural disaster. Disasters like the earthquake, volcano, tsunami, etc are the some examples of natural hazards. They cause huge loss of life and damage the environment.

Man-made hazards.

We cannot only blame nature for happening of the natural disaster. Some disasters are also caused due to human activities. Some of the examples of disasters caused by human activities are the landslide, forest fire, desertification, drying out of sources of water, global warming, vehicles accident, etc.

Management of Natural Hazards

We cannot only stay watching natural disaster and loss of human life and damage to the environment. Though we cannot stop the natural disaster from occurring but we can minimize its effects on human life and other members of the ecosystem. There are various ways to minimize the effects of natural disaster which are discussed below,

• Public awareness should be created about the effects of natural disaster.
• Financial support should be given to the victims of natural disaster.
• The victims should be rescued very fastly from the effects of natural disaster.
• Emotional support should also be provided to the victims of natural disaster.
• The government should warn the people about the place where there is a high chance of occurrence of a natural disaster like the volcano.

Management of man-made hazards.

• Afforestation should be done in naked and bare lands.
• Personal hygiene and sanitation should be maintained.
• We should not use chemical fertilizers.
• Illegal taking out of surface water and ground water should be stopped.
• There should be sustainable developmental activities.
• Places, where there is a high chance of landslide and flood, should be managed properly.

Activities that should be done before disaster

The government should warn the people about the place where there is a high chance of occurring natural disaster. We should be mentally and physically pre- planned about the effects and management of the natural disaster. We should be aware of the effects of natural disaster and we should make our management according to the effects of natural disaster. For man- made hazards, we should not pollute the environment, we should warn the people about the area where there is a high chance of landslide and such are should be properly managed. Strick law should be made and implemented for the protection and preservation of forest, unplanned industrialization and urbanization.

Activities that should be done while hazard
We should be aware and help and support others as much as possible. We should stay very strongly and bravely by uniting and staying together.

Activities that should be done after disaster

As much as fast, we should rescue the people that are affected by natural disasters. Immediate health support should be given to them. We should also provide them emotional support. We should inform the rescue team and assist them. After the disaster, various people loss their shelter, food, clothes etc. So, we should provide them food mostly dry and packed food, pure drinking water, medicines, clothes , tents for shelter, light etc. After the disaster, we should conduct programs for help and support to the victim and reconstruction of the damaged places. The government should provide financial support to the victims to start their new life in a new place. Monument, statue or park should be made to remember the person who lost their life during the disaster.

Glacier flood

There is a large mass of snow in a mountain region. They are very large in size and increases its size when the snow falls. In Nepal, there are a huge amount of snow. During summer season or due to global warming the temperature of the mountain region becomes very high due to which the snow starts melting. Asa result, new lakes are formed which are known as glacial lakes. There are many glacial lakes in mountain regions of Nepal. Some of them have already burst whereas some of them are at high chance of busting which is very dangerous.

Causes

• Global warming.
• The increase in temperature of the earth.
• Bursting of the glacier lake.
• Due to the shaking of land because of the earthquake.
• Due to the activities of the human.

Effects of glacier flood

• It causes flooding in rivers.
• It causes loss of life and damage property.
• It also destroys agriculture.
• It destroys the habitat of various plants and animals.
• It creates obstacles in the developmental activities.

Protective measures

• The government should investigate the condition , thickness and size of the glacial lake.
• All the activities that support pollution and global warming should be stopped.
• Awareness programs should be created among the people living in mountain region about effects of the glacial flood.
• The government should warn the people living in a place where there is high chance of glacial flood or human civilization near it should be replaced to the safe place.
• New ways and methods should be developed to stop the glacial lake from out bursting.
• Immediate help and support should be given to the victims of the glacial flood.