Darwin’s Theory or Darwinism
Darwinism is also known as Theory of Natural Selection. According to the Darwin, out of the vast number of individuals which compete for a place in the world, only those having advantageous variations survive and reproduce. This note provides us the information about Darwin's theory and mutation.
Summary
Darwinism is also known as Theory of Natural Selection. According to the Darwin, out of the vast number of individuals which compete for a place in the world, only those having advantageous variations survive and reproduce. This note provides us the information about Darwin's theory and mutation.
Things to Remember
- Darwinism is also known as Theory of Natural Selection.
- According to the Darwin, out of the vast number of individuals which compete for a place in the world, only those having advantageous variations survive and reproduce.
- Mutation is defined as a sudden chromosomal change by which variation occurs in organism.
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Subjective Questions
Q1:
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We are commanded to help ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q2:
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______ are my colleagues in this room.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q3:
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The candidate ______I selected will do a wonderful job.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q4:
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The boy ______broke our fence seems very disrespectful.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q5:
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The three girls like one ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q6:
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______are beautiful flowers in the next garden.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q7:
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Is there a pharmacy around here ______I can get some cough medicine.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q8:
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She is the woman ______husband works for a travel agency.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q9:
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The two candidates respected ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q10:
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"Do you like ______sweater?"
"Yes, it's soft and looks good.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q11:
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Mira and Nima smiled at ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q12:
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Touch ______bench, its sticky, isn't it?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q13:
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Three nations threaten______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q14:
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"Are you busy?" "Yes, ______am."
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q15:
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That man is talking to ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q16:
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Sohan and Mohan respect ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q17:
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Riya and Jiya blamed ______for the loss.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q18:
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If you look over ______you can see the park.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q19:
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Despite ______old age, he is very active.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q20:
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My friend Nisha forgot ______ book.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q21:
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Anu and Suman talk like ______mother.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q22:
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Kunal and I were late for ______class.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q23:
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"Where are ______keys?" "I can't find them."
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q24:
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'Where is my book?" "Oh, dear! I've lost ______!"
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q25:
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I've read this novel twice but I haven't read ______red one.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q26:
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This is the shop ______was robbed yesterday.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q27:
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A boy ______ brother is in my class was in the park at that time.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q28:
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He didn't wait at the traffic lights ______ were red.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q29:
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The students don't really get on the wall with ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q30:
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Could you give me ______ magazines on the table over there.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q31:
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The twins dislike ______ but the three triplets dislike one another.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q32:
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He liked the poem ______ I had just written.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q33:
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I was thinking about the two dresses ______ my father had bought for me.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q34:
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The gentleman ______car is a Ferrari must be rich.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q35:
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Sita did it by ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q36:
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I cut ______ when I was peeling the potatoes.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q37:
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Did you see Milan and ______ sister at the game?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q38:
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We ______ were wonderstruck.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q39:
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The people ______ were affected badly.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q40:
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The book ______ Amit is reading is about strange creatures.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q41:
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This is the boy ______ topped the class last year.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q42:
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Yesterday I saw a dress ______ was really beautiful.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q43:
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This book isn't very good but ______ book is great.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q44:
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What's the name of the programme ______ we are listening to?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q45:
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All the members of that family love ______ very much.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q46:
Confused words
I rode my bike yesterday, so my legs are sore. (road/rode)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q47:
Confused words
I would like ______ tea, please. (week/weak)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q48:
Confused words
The Nepali flag is _____ and blue. (red/raid)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q49:
Confused words
I don't have to ______ there until evening. (be/ bee)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q50:
Confused words
Let's have a ______ for coffee. (break/brake)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q51:
Confused words
The wind ______ so hard that the trees fell over. (blue/blew)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q52:
Confused words
What's wrong? You look so ______ . (blue/blew)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q53:
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We were going to ______ at 7:00, but he didn't come. (meat/meet)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q54:
Confused words
Don't touch that, you might ______ it. (break/brake)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q55:
Confused words
I don't like it, it's ______ my style. (not/nut)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q56:
Confused words
What ______ do you use for your tie? (not/knot)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q57:
Confused words
I've ______ice cream. Do you want to try some? (made/maid)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q58:
Confused words
He ______ do it. I didn't want to. (maid/made)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q59:
Confused words
An old fashioned word for a young lady is ______. (maid/made)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q60:
Confused words
'______' is used at the beginning of a letter. (deer/dear)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q61:
Confused words
Is it a ______ or female dog? (male/mail)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q62:
Confused words
He stills feels a little ______ after his illness. (weak/week)
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q63:
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Could you give me ______ book on the table over there?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q64:
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Anita, ______car was parked at the next corner, is an actress.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q65:
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The boy ______ you can see still over there is my best friend.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q66:
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In the playground, all little children are chasing ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q67:
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Can I talk to the girl ______ is sitting on the bench?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q68:
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Bill Clinton ______ was President of the USA, has only one daughter.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q69:
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Look! There's a little bird washing ______ in the river.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q70:
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"______ do you want to eat?" "I want to eat hamburger."
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q71:
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They ate all the food ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q72:
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I don't know those boys. Do you know ______?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q73:
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Anita's friends are in class. These books are ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q74:
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We've a very small classroom, ______classroom is on the second floor.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q75:
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The girl looked at ______ in the mirror.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q76:
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Kunal, you'll have to do your homework ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q77:
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You don't need to help them. They can do it ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q78:
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I introduced ______ to my new neighbour.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q79:
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Boys, can you make your beds ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q80:
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The father decided to repair the tap ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q81:
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We can move the table ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q82:
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My name is Sabnam. ______ am 16 years old.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q83:
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Kamala and Bimala are my friends. ______ are from Dharan.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q84:
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Mina and Reena look alike and must people ask them, "Are ______ twins".
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q85:
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Anu and Sahil are speaking to ______ teachers.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q86:
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My friends are in class. ______ books are theirs. They, aren't mine.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q87:
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We've a very light classroom. ______ classroom is on the second floor.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q88:
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Manoj has two dogs. ______ dogs like playing very much.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q89:
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I don't know the boy sitting over there. Do you know ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q90:
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I'm talking to you. Please listen to ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q91:
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Look at that shirt. I am going to buy ______ because it's cheap and nice.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q92:
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We're going to the cinema. Would you like to come with ______?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q93:
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I can't understand her when she speaks English with ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q94:
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We came across a friend of ______ at the supermarket yesterday.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q95:
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I can't find my pencil. Can I use ______, Tina?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q96:
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I hurt ______ when I was repairing the roof.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q97:
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This house is too expensive for ______. We can't pay such a high rent.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q98:
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I do my work and they do ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q99:
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Give it back to me. Its ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q100:
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My aunt and uncle are arriving today. ______ coming from Dharan.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q101:
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Can you see where ______ building a new library?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q102:
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"How are your parents?" "I haven't seen ______ for some time now!"
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q103:
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______ once was a monkey called Chimpoo in the zoo.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q104:
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Do you understand ______ when she speaks French with me.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q105:
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He should be ashamed of ______.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q106:
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Anita and Anisha helped______ with the homework.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
Q107:
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Ali, ______ you saw sitting next to me yesterday, is going to travel with me.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy
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Darwin’s Theory or Darwinism
Charles Darwin, an English naturalist wrote a famous book named Origin of Species which was published in 1859 AD. Darwinism is also known as Theory of Natural Selection which can be explained in the following points:
- Rapid rate of multiplication or enormous fertility: Every species tends to multiply in geometric ratio. It means that population doubling its number in one year increases four times next year.
- Struggle for existence: Struggle helps to make the size of its own population constant. Organisms of different species compete with eachother for food and shelter. Here, only one species of organisms lives which struggles more. Struggle may be interspecific or intraspecific. It may be the struggle of individual of different species or of different species.
- Variation and heredity: Even though the offspring are very similar to their parents, they are not identical. They differ from each other to some or more extent in size, shape, behavior etc. that is called variation.
- Natural selection: According to the Darwin, out of the vast number of individuals which compete for a place in the world, only those having advantageous variations survive and reproduce. The nature choose only those individuals, which are fittest, only they survive and reproduce successfully.
- Origin of natural species: Due to the changed useful characters, the individuals survive and may acquire more useful characters to survive in the struggle.
About the evolution of giraffe, Darwinism suggested that the ancestral of giraffe were believed to have short neck or of different size. When there was shortage of grass, long neckedgiraffe were able to eat leaves or foliage but short necked were not able. Like this, because of competition and natural selection, only long- necked giraffe survived and short necked giraffe disappeared.
Criticism of Darwinism
- Darwinism does not explain the origin of variation.
- It is not always the case that useful variations are selected.
- Natural selection is not the sole cause of specification but it is not only a guiding factor.
- Darwinism does not always explain the presence of vestigial organs found in organism.
Mutation
Mutation theory was given by a Dutch Biologist named Hugo De Vries, in 1901 AD. Mutation is defined as a sudden chromosomal change by which variation occurs in organism. Mutation occurs by the effects of radiation and chemicals called mutagens. An organism affected by mutation is called mutant. The majority of mutations are harmful, but a very small proportion of them may be useful for an organisms. Mutation is a main factor for evolution. Some of the examples of mutation are black patch on body, disability by birth, cut at lip, six- fingered limbs etc.
Lesson
Evolution
Subject
Science
Grade
Grade 9
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