Conservation of Natural Resources

Conservation of natural resources needs to be viewed with the conservation and utilization of natural resources. This note provides an information about conservation of natural resources with major activities for natural resources conservation.

Summary

Conservation of natural resources needs to be viewed with the conservation and utilization of natural resources. This note provides an information about conservation of natural resources with major activities for natural resources conservation.

Things to Remember

  • Conservation of natural resources needs to be viewed with the conservation and utilization of natural resources.
  • Re-use, recycling and minimum use of the non-renewable resources like fuel, coal and minerals help in conservation of natural resources.
  • Natural resources are essential in every step of our life.
  • Forest conservation soil conservation, wildlife conservation, watershed conservation and solid waste management are the examples of natural resource conservation.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

If a card is drawn at random from a deck of well shuffled 52 cards , what is the probability that the card is an ace ? Similarly,  what is the probability that the card is an ace of clubs ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Total no. of cards= 52<br>No. of possible outcomes = 52<br>No. of ace in a pack of card is 4<br>No. of favourable outcomes of ace = 4<br>No. of clubs in a pack of card is 1<br>No. of favourable outcomes of an ace of clubs = 1<br>P (ace) = \(\frac{No. of favourable outcomes}{No. of possible outcomes}\) = \(\frac{4}{52}\) = \(\frac{1}{13}\)<br>P (ace of clubs) = \(\frac{No. of favourbale outcomes}{No. of possible outcomes}\) = \(\frac{1}{52}\)</p>

Q2:

If a marble is drawn without looking from a box containing  3 blue marbles and 5 black marbles, what is the probability that the marble is blue ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Total no. of marbles = 3 blue + 5 black = 8<br>No. of possible outcomes = 8<br>NO, of blue marbles is 3<br>No. of favourable outcomes of blue marbles= 3<br>Hence , the probability of getting blue marble ,<br>P (blue) = \(\frac{No. of favourable outcomes}{No. of possible outcomes}\) = \(\frac{3}{8}\)</p>

Q3:

There are 13 pictures in a book fo 260 pages . If a page is turn up without looking into the pages , 
(i). what is the probability that the page will contain the picture ?
(ii) . what is the probability that it will not contain the picture ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Total no. of pages = 260<br>No. of possible outcomes= m = 260<br>No. of pages having picture = 13<br>No. of favourable outcomes = n = 13<br>No. of pages having no picture = 260 - 13 = 247<br>(i). Probability of getting page having picture<br>P (having picture) = \(\frac{m}{n}\) = \(\frac{13}{260}\) = \(\frac{1}{20}\)<br><br>(ii) P (having no picture) = \(\frac{m}{n}\) = \(\frac{247}{260}\) = \(\frac{19}{20}\)Ans.</p>

Q4:

Out of 900 students in a school , there are 350 girls. If a student is selected  , what is the probability that 
(i) . the student is girl
(ii). the student is not girl


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Total no. of students = 900<br>No. of possible outcomes = n = 900<br>No. of girls = 350<br>No. of boys = (900 - 350) = 550<br><br>(i). No. of favourable outcomes = m = 350<br>Probability that the selected student is a girl ,<br>P (a girl) = \(\frac{m}{n}\) = \(\frac{350}{900}\) = \(\frac{7}{18}\)<br><br>(ii). Here , no of favourable outcomes of boys = n = 550<br>Probability that the selected student is not a girl<br>P (not girl) = \(\frac{m}{n}\) =\(\frac{550}{900}\) = \(\frac{11}{18}\)</p>

Q5:

A dice having 1 - 6 numbers is thrown. Find the probability that the face will:
(i) turn up 1
(ii). turn up only even numbers
(iii). turn up till 4 and more than 4


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Probability of turning up any face = 1<br>No. of favourable outcomes = 1<br>Total numbers of faces = 6<br>No. of possible outcomes = 6<br>P(turn up any face) = \(\frac{no. of favourable outcomes}{no. of favourable outcomes}\) = \(\frac{1}{6}\)<br><br>The faces having even numbers = 2 , 4 , 6<br>No. of favourable outcomes = 3<br>Total no. of faces = 6<br>No. of possible outcomes = 6<br><br>P (face having on even no.) = \(\frac{no of favourable outcomes}{no of favourable outcomes}\) = \(\frac{3}{6}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)<br><br><br>Total no. of faces = 6<br>No. of possible outcomes = 6<br>No. of faces that will turn up till = 4<br>No, of favourable outcomes =4<br>No. of face that will turn up more 4 = 2<br>NO. Of favourable outcomes= 2<br>Now , probability of the faces that will turn up to 4<br>P (a face that will turn upto4) = \(\frac{No of favourable outcomes}{no. of possible outcomes}\)<br> = \(\frac{4}{6}\) = \(\frac{2}{3}\)<br><br>Again , probabilty of the faces that will turnup (&gt;4)<br>P(a face that will turn up (&lt;4) = \(\frac{no of favourable outcomes}{no of favourable outcomes}\) = \(\frac{2}{6}\) = \(\frac{1}{3}\)</p>

Q6:

Two coins (having T and H) are tossed once , then :
(i). write all possible outcomes in the form of a set. 
(ii). find the possibilities of gettiing  both heads(H). 
(iii). find the probability of getting both tails (T). 
(iv). find the probability of getting one head and one tail. 


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here , sample space of all outcomes, H)<br>S = { ( H , T} , (H , T} {T , H} , {T , T})<br><br>(ii). Probability of getting both heads i.e. (H , H) is 1<br> no, of favourable outcomes = 1<br> No. of favourable outcomes (i,e members of S) = n(S) = 4<br> P(H , H) = \(\frac{no. of favourable outcomes}{no. of favourable outcomes}\)<br> = \(\frac{1}{4}\)<br><br>(iii). Probability of getting (T , T) = 1<br>no. of favourbaleoutcomes = 1<br>no. of possible outcomes = n(S) = 4<br>probability of getting T in both coins<br>P (T , T) = \(\frac{no of favourbale outcomes }{no of possible outcomes}\) = \(\frac{1}{4}\)<br><br>(iv) . No. of favourable outcomes of getting (H , T) and (T , H) = 2<br>No. of possible outcomes = n(S) = 4<br><br>\(\therefore\) P [ (H , T) or (T , H)]b = \(\frac{no of favourable outcomes}{no of possible outcomes }\) = \(\frac{2}{4}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)</p>

Q7:

In rahul's class there are 30 students  with roll number from 1 to  30. The roll number of rahul is 15. If a teacher calls only one student for a science experiment with a roll number exactly divisible by 5 , what is the probability that rahul will be selected ? And what is the probability that he will not be selected. ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here , No. of possible outcomes that the number of exactly divisible by 5 - n(S) = 6<br>Numbers from 1 to 30 that are exactly divisible by 5 are 5 , 10 , , 25 , 30. <br>No. of 15 , 20 favourable outcomes that rahul will be selected = n(R) = 1<br><br>Hence ,<br>P(R) = \(\frac{n(R)}{n(S)}\) = \(\frac{1}{6}\) Ans.<br><br>Probability that rahulwill not be selected P \(\overline {R}\) = 1 - P(R)<br> = 1 - \(\frac{1}{6}\)<br> = \(\frac{6 - 1}{6}\)<br> = \(\frac{5}{6}\) Ans.</p>

Q8:

From a set of letter cards with the  letters of 'PROBABILITY'  , a card is drawn at random. Find the probability of the following :
(i). occuring p              (ii). occuring B                  (iii). not  occuring B
(iv) not occuring R        (v). occuring I


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Number of letters in the word is probability = 11<br>No. of possible outcomes = n(S) = 11<br>(i). Probability that the card drawn is occuringP =?<br>No. of favourable outcomes = n(P) = 1<br>Required probability , P(p) = \(\frac{n(P)}{n(S)}\) = \(\frac{1}{11}\)<br><br>(ii) . Probability that the card drawn is occuringb = ?<br> No. of favourable outcomes n(b) = 2<br> Required probability P*(b) = \(\frac{n(b)}{n(S)}\) = \(\frac{2}{11}\)<br><br>(iii). probability that the card drawn is not occuringb = ?<br>No. of favourable outcomes n \(\overline {b}\) =11 - 2 = 9<br>Required probability P\(\overline {b}\) = \(\frac{n (\overline{b})}{n(S)}\) = \(\frac{9}{11}\)<br><br>(iv) probability that the card is not occuring r ,<br>No. of favourable outcomes n\(\overline{r}\) = 11 - 1 = 10<br>Required probability P(\(\overline{r}\)) = \(\frac{\overline{n(r)}}{\overline{n(S)}}\) = \(\frac{10}{11}\)<br><br>(v). Probability that the card drawn is occuringi ,<br>No. of favourable outcomes n(i) = 2<br>Required probability P(i) = \(\frac{n(i)}{n(S)}\) = \(\frac{2}{11}\)</p>

Q9:

A dice is tossed 1200 times. The results are recorded in the table given below  :

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 186 203 207 193 205 206

Find the empirical probability of the events:
(i)Occurring 4                      (ii) Occurring the numbers less than 4
(iii) Occurring the numbers greater than 4


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here, total number of experiments = 1200<br>(i). No. of outcomes occuring 4 =m 193<br>P(4) = \(\frac{total number\;of\;outcomes}{total number\;of\;experiments}\) = \(\frac{193}{1200}\)<br><br>(ii). Number of outcomes which are less than 4 = 186 + 203 + 207 = 596<br>Total no. of outcomes = 596<br>P(number less than 4) = \(\frac{totalno.\;of\;outcomes}{Total\;no\;of\;experiments}\) <br> = \(\frac{596}{1200}\)<br> = \(\frac{149}{300}\)<br><br><br>(iii). In the above table , sum of frequencies of numbers 5 and 6 which are greater than the no. 4 is 205 + 206 = 411<br>Total no. of outcomes = 411<br>P(number greater than 4) = \(\frac{total number of outcomes}{total no of experiments}\)<br> = \(\frac{411}{1200}\)</p>

Q10:

If 514 are boys of 1000 newly born babies in a  hospital , what will be the empirical probability that the newly born baby is a boy ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here , total no. of born babies = 1000<br>Total no. of experiments =1000<br>Number of boys = 514<br>Total no. of outcomes = 514<br>Here , probability of newly born baby is a boy ,<br>P(a boy) = \(\frac{total no of outcomes}{total no. of experiments}\) = \(\frac{514}{500}\) = \(\frac{257}{500}\)</p>

Q11:

Out of 1000 students admitted in proficiency certificate level in a campus , the probability of the number of students whose ages are above 20 years is 0.25. Estimate the number of students whose ages are above 20 years. 


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Total no. of students = 1000<br>No. of possible outcomes = 1000<br>Probability of students whose ages are baove 20 years ,<br>i.e. P(a student of above 20yrs) = 0.25<br>No. of favaouable outcomes of student ages are above 20 years.<br>We know that ,<br>P ( a student who is above 20yrs) = \(\frac{no. of favourbale outcomes}{no of favourbale outcomes}\)<br>or , 0.25 = \(\frac{no. of favourable outcomes}{1000}\)<br>or , no. of favourable outcomes = 0.25 \(\times\) 1000 = 250</p>

Q12:

Out of 100000 students appeared in SLC examinatio. 24000 students passed securing first and second division marks. Find the empirical probability of passing the examination securing first and second division marks. 


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here , the number of students apperared in SLC exam = 100000<br>Total no. of experiments = 100000<br>No. of students who passed in 1<sup>st</sup>and 2<sup>nd</sup>division = 24000<br>Here , P(passed in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> division) = \(\frac{number of favourable outcomes}{total no. of experiments}\)<br> = \(\frac{24000}{100000}\)<br> = 0.24</p>

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Conservation of Natural Resources

Conservation of Natural Resources

Human beings maintain their life by using natural resources. These sources are to be mobilized properly and rationally. Conservation of natural resources is to be done by mankind realizing the dependence on the natural resources and living beings and their interrelationship with environment.

Principles of Natural Resource Conservation

Natural resources maintains a balanced environment on the earth by their natural process of regeneration. Micro-organisms, plants and animals create a favorable environment for their survival and continue their race for an infinite period of time. There are two principles of conservation of natural resources.

Absolute conservation

Conservation of natural resources needs to be viewed with the conservation and utilization of natural resources. Absolute conservation encompasses the quantity and quality of natural resources such as air, water, land, forest, animal, minerals, without their declination. Absolute conservation is the thinking that natural resources should be used without their utilization. Human beings including other living-beings use natural resources, which cannot be stopped. Absolute conservation is the concept that natural resources should be maintained without any disturbance in the condition in which they exist in nature.

Major objectives of absolute conservation of natural resources are:

  1. To work with nature
  2. To stop work against nature
  3. To interfere with non-human species only to meet basic needs
  4. To stop wasting the resources
  5. To protect environment from degradation while using the nature
Relative conservation

This approach of natural resources conservation emphasizes on the need of integration of conservation program while using the resources. Re-use, recycling and minimum use of the non-renewable resources like fuel, coal and minerals help in their conservation. Plant resources can conserve by making a certain provision of their utilization in limited quantity.

Conversational Use of Natural Resources

Natural resources are essential in every step of our life. We can not imagine even a second of life in the absence of these resources. The way that we exploit these resources along with conservation is its proper utilization. Conversational use of natural resources refers to the utilization of natural resources refers to the utilization of natural resources in such a way that includes the consumption as well as conservation, with the purpose of achieving the principle of sustainability. We should clearly understand the type, status and nature of the resources. On the other hand, the renewable natural resources are available in limited amount; therefore, we should reduce their use and seek their alternatives. The concept of conversational use incorporates the following principles:

  1. Maximum use of perpetual resources.
  2. Maximum production of renewable resources.
  3. Minimum utilization of non-renewable resources.
  4. Re-use and Recycle of non-renewable resources.
This concept is based on the principle of sustainable development which means to prolong the effects of development to the distant future. It helps preserve the flora and fauna.

Re-use

Re-use means using use the things for the next time. In re-use, the form of the resources is not changed. These are again to supply the drinks. Re-use helps conserve the natural resources in two ways. On the one hand it helps reduce the use of raw materials and on the other hand, it helps one reduce environmental pollution.

Re-cycling

Recycling is the process of making the resources able to be used after some alteration in the structure of the resources. Re-cycling includes re-melting, recollecting and reprocessing as well. The metallic utensils and plastics are re-cycled.

Impact of Human Activities on Natural Resources

Human beings depend upon the natural resources of the universe for their development activities. If they use the natural resources without their development activities. If they use the natural resources without considering their conservation, they can create a situation of imbalance in environment. Some of the important points of impact made on natural resources by human activities are explained below:

1. Scarcity of Water

Water is a renewable nature resource. water is needed for various activities of human beings, like drinking, irrigation, industry, navigation, electricity production, etc. Water scarcity leads to the degradation of vegetation which in turn increases natural disasters like soil erosion, landslides and flood.

2. Environmental pollution

The major resources of the earth like air, water and land get polluted due to human activities. Industries are established mainly to produce valuable goods like cloths, food items, beverages, cement, bricks, etc. But, these industries are also major sources of pollution for air water and land resources and the environmental pollution is caused.

3. Depletion of wildlife

People are destroying forest for the purpose of timber, firewood and agriculture. Beside, forest is also used for the house settlement zone. The habitat of valuable animals like rhinoceros, tiger, bear, leopard, wild cow, yak, etc. is endangered.

4. Deforestation

Forest is not only important to get valuable forest products but also important to maintain ecological balance. Due to extreme poverty most of the people depend on forest resources for their survival. People collect firewood, timbers, folder, etc from the forest which depletes the forest resources. Landslides, floods, climatic variations such as excessive rainfall, drought, etc are also the consequences of deforestation.

5. Degradation in Eco-system

Problems like depletion of forests, floods, landslides, extreme utilization of land are started to be observed due to various activities of people. Pollution caused by industrial works degrades the status of land, water and vegetation. Natural status of the earth has started to destroy due to these reasons.

6. Depletion of pasture land

The pasture land for animals has been depleting due to various types of development activities. Overgrazing of pasture land results in the problems like soil, landslides, deforestation etc.

7. Floods, Landslides and Soil Erosion

The activities of man cause floods, landslides and soil erosion. Destruction of forest, excess use of land, cultivation of sloppy land, excess grazing, etc. have supported flood, landslides and soil erosion. Destruction of forest, excess use of land, landslides and soil erosion. It causes imbalance in the environment of hills and Terai.

8. Declining of ecosystem

A functional system operating in the environment by the interaction of living beings with their non-living environment is called ecosystem. When the resources like air, water and land get polluted then it affects the survival of plants and animals.

Conservation of Natural Resources

Human beings are the most prominent utilize and destroyer of natural resources. At the same time, he is the most thoughtful among the living beings. Therefore, it is their duty and responsibility to manage and conserve natural resources.

Conservation programmers

Forest conservation soil conservation, wildlife conservation, watershed conservation and solid waste management are the examples of natural resource conservation. Various national and international agencies have involved in such activities

1. Government agency

Different ministries of the Government of Nepal like, the ministry of forest and soil conservation, ministry of science and environment, ministry of Water resource, ministry of education and sports and the program under-taken by different agencies under it, have helped in the conservation, community forest program, reserve protected area, etc. are established under the ministry of forest and soil conservation, which also helps in the conservation of natural resources.

2. National and International Agencies

Different national and international agencies have been working for the conservation of natural resources. Nepal Nature Conservation Fund has conducted various programmes like environment education, sustainable development program, resource conservation etc in the Annapurna conservation area.

3. Non-government agencies

Various programmes for conservation and protection of natural resources and environment on national and local level are carried out by the non-government agencies.

4. Educational Institutions

Various aspects of natural resource conservation and environmental management have been included in the curricula of school education. Environment education is imparted through informal educational programmes.

5.Inclusion in world heritage list

Chitwan National Park and Sagarmatha National Park are including in the list of World Heritage. National Parks are making effort for protection and promotion especially.

6. Legal Provision

Various acts, directives and guidelines have been effective in the conservation and management of natural resources. The forest act 2049 B.S National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 B.S, land and Watershed conservation Act 2053 B.S., has been highly effective to control pollution and integrate environment conservation programme in development activities.

Lesson

Natural Resources

Subject

Enviroment Population and Health

Grade

Grade 9

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