Excreta Management

Excreta disposed in free space pollutes air, water and land. Use of latrines helps to manage excreta. This note provide us the information about importance of excreta management, types of latrines along with its advantages.

Summary

Excreta disposed in free space pollutes air, water and land. Use of latrines helps to manage excreta. This note provide us the information about importance of excreta management, types of latrines along with its advantages.

Things to Remember

  • Latrine is a place where disposal of excreta is done.
  • Excreta disposed in free space pollutes air, water and land.
  • The agents spread through excreta to our food, cause cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid etc.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

Find the equation of the locus of a point which always moves at a distance of 5 units from the origin.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Soln: Let P(x,y) be a point which moves at a distance 5 units from the point(0,0)</p>
<figure class="inline-right" style="width: 300px;"><img src="/uploads/pg_81_11.png" alt="figure" width="300" height="178" /><figcaption>figure</figcaption></figure>
<p>Then, OP=5 units</p>
<p>or, \(\sqrt{(x-0)^2+(y-0)^2}\)=5</p>
<p>or, \(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\)=5</p>
<p>Squaring both side,x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>-25=0 Ans.</p>

Q2:

P(a,0) and B(0,b) are two points.Find the locus of a point which moves such that PA=PB.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Soln: Let the moving point be P(x,y) and given points</p> <figure class="inline-right" style="width: 300px;"><img src="/uploads/pg_115_7.png" alt="figure" width="300" height="178"><figcaption>figure</figcaption></figure><p>A(a,0) and B(0,b)</p> <p>By giving ,PA=PB</p> <p>or, (x-a)<sup>2</sup>+(y-0)<sup>2</sup>=(x-0)<sup>2</sup>+(y-b)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-2ax+a<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>=x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>-2by+b<sup>2</sup></p> <p>&there4;2ax-2by-a<sup>2</sup>+b<sup>2</sup>=0 is the required locus.Ans.</p>

Q3:

Find the locus of a point moving at the equal distance from   points(-2,1) and (4,1).Verify the point(1,1) lies on the locus or not.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here, Let P(x,y) be a points equidistance from the points A(-2,1) and B(4,1), then</p> <p>we have</p> <figure class="inline-right" style="width: 300px;"><img src="/uploads/115_8.png" alt="figure" width="300" height="178"><figcaption>figure</figcaption></figure><p>Now, PA=PB</p> <p>PA<sup>2</sup>=PB<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, (x<sup>2</sup>+2)+(y-1)<sup>2</sup>=(x-4)<sup>2</sup>+(y-1)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>+4x+4+y<sup>2</sup>-2y+1=x<sup>2</sup>-8x+16+y<sup>2</sup>-2y+1</p> <p>or, 12x-12=0</p> <p>or, 12(x-1)=0</p> <p>&there4; x-1=0 is the required locus.</p> <p>Substituting the point (1,1) on this locus we get,</p> <p>1-1=0</p> <p>&there4; 0=0</p> <p>Hence the point (1,1) lies on the locus.</p>

Q4:

Verify whether point (1,5) lies on the locus of a point which moves such that its 2 more than three times the distance from x-axis is equal to it's distance from y-axis.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here, Let the moving point be P(x,y)</p> <p> Distance of x-axis= x</p> <p> Distance of y-axis =y</p> <p> Then by given 3x + 2 =y</p> <p> The required locus is 3x + 2 =y</p> <p> Substituing the point (1,5) in the locus, we get</p> <p> 3.1 - 5 + 2=0</p> <p>&there4; 0 =0 which is true</p> <p>&there4; (1,5) lies on this locus.</p>

Q5:

Find the equation of the locus of a point which moves such that the distance from the point (1,0) is twice the distance from the points (0,-2).


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Soln;</p> <figure class="inline-left" style="width: 250px;"><img src="/uploads/pg_81_3.png" alt="figure" width="250" height="148"><figcaption>figure</figcaption></figure><p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Let the given points are A(0,-2) and B(1,0).</p> <p>Let P(x,y) be a point which moves in such a way that 2AP=PB</p> <p>or, 4AP<sup>2</sup>=PB<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, 4[(x-0)<sup>2</sup>+[y-(-2)]<sup>2</sup>=(x-1)<sup>2</sup>+(y-0)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, 4(x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>+4y+4)=x<sup>2</sup>-2x+1+y<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, 4(x<sup>2</sup>+4y<sup>2</sup>+16y+16-x<sup>2</sup>+2x-1-y<sup>2</sup>=0</p> <p>or, 3x<sup>2</sup>+3y<sup>2</sup>+2x+16y+15=0</p> <p>&there4;Required locus3x<sup>2</sup>+3y<sup>2</sup>+2x+16y+15=0 Ans.</p>

Q6:

Find the locus of a point which moved such that its distance from point(z,0) and y-axis is always equal.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here,</p> <p>Let the point on y-axis be B(0,y).</p> <p>Let P(x,y) be a point which is equidistance from A and B.</p> <p>By given,PA=PB</p> <p>or, PA<sup>2</sup>=PB<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, (x-z)<sup>2</sup>+(y-0)<sup>2</sup>=(x-0)<sup>2</sup>+(y-y)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-2xz+x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>=x<sup>2</sup>+0</p> <p>or, y<sup>2</sup>-2xz+z<sup>2</sup>=0</p> <p>&there4;y<sup>2</sup>-2xz+z<sup>2</sup>=0 is required locus,Ans.</p> <p></p>

Q7:

Find locus of a point which moves such that its distance from y-axis is double the distance from the point (B,0).


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Soln:</p> <p>Given point, (B,0). Let it be A(B,0). Let the points on y-axis be Q(0,y).Let the moving point be P(x,y), then by given</p> <p>2PA=PQ</p> <p>or, 4 PA<sup>2</sup>=PQ<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, 4[(x-B)<sup>2</sup>+(y-0)<sup>2</sup>]</p> <p> = (x-0)<sup>2</sup>+(y-y)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, 4(x<sup>2</sup>-2Bx+B<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>)=x<sup>2</sup>+0</p> <p>or, 4x<sup>2</sup>-8Bx+4B<sup>2</sup>+4y<sup>2</sup>=x<sup>2</sup></p> <p>&there4; 3x<sup>2</sup>+4y<sup>2</sup>-8Bx+4B<sup>2</sup>=0 is the required locus. Ans.</p> <p></p>

Q8:

If A(2,3) and B(-4,7) are points and P(x,y) is a variaable points,then find equation of locus.

PA=PB


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here, given points A(2,3) and B(-4,7) and let the moving points be,P(x,y)</p> <p>PA=PB</p> <p>or, PA<sup>2</sup>=PB<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, (x-2)<sup>2</sup>+(y-3)<sup>2</sup>=(x+4)<sup>2</sup>+(y-7)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-4x+4+y<sup>2</sup>-6y+9=x<sup>2</sup>+8x+16+y<sup>2</sup>-14y+49</p> <p>or, 12x-8y+52=0</p> <p>or, 4(3x-2y+13)=0</p> <p>&there4; 3x-2y+13=0 is required locus.Ans.</p>

Q9:

 If A(2,3) and B(-4,7) are points and P(x,y) is a variaable points,then find equation of locus.

PA=2PB


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here, PA=2PB</p> <p>or, PA<sup>2</sup>=4PB<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, (x-2)<sup>2</sup>+(y-3)<sup>2</sup>=4[(x+4)<sup>2</sup>+(y-7)<sup>2</sup>]</p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-4x+4+y<sup>2</sup>-6y+9=4[x<sup>2</sup>+8x+16+ y<sup>2</sup>-14y+49]</p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-4x+y<sup>2</sup>-6y+13=4x<sup>2</sup>+32x+64+4y<sup>2</sup>-56y+196</p> <p>or, 3x<sup>2</sup>+3y<sup>2</sup>+36x-50y-247=0</p> <p>&there4; 3x<sup>2</sup>+3y<sup>2</sup>+36x-50y-247=0 is the required locus.Ans.</p>

Q10:

 If A(2,3) and B(-4,7) are points and P(x,y) is a variaable points,then find equation of locus.

PA2=PB2

 


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here given, PA<sup>2</sup>=AB<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, (x-2)<sup>2</sup> +(y-3)<sup>2</sup>=(-4-2)<sup>2</sup>+(7-3)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-4x+4+y<sup>2</sup>-6y+9=(-6)<sup>2</sup>+(4)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>-4x-6y+13=36+16</p> <p>&there4; x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>-4x-6y-39=0 is required locus.Ans.</p>

Q11:

Find the equation of the locus of a point which always moves at a equal distance from the points (1,-2) and (-3,-4).


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here, Let the two points be A (1,-2) and B(-3,-4)</p> <p> Let,P(x,y) be a point equidistance from points A and B.</p> <p>By given,PA=PB</p> <p>or, PA<sup>2</sup>=PB<sup>2</sup><br><br>or, \(\sqrt {(x-1)^{2} + [y - (-2)]^{2}}\))<sup>2</sup></p> <p>=\(\sqrt {[x--(3)]^{2} + [y - (-4)]^{2}}\))<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, (x-1)<sup>2</sup>+(y+2)<sup>2</sup>=(x+3)<sup>2</sup>+(y+4)<sup>2</sup></p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-2x+1+y<sup>2</sup>+4y+4=x<sup>2</sup>+6x+9+y<sup>2</sup>+8y+16</p> <p>or, x<sup>2</sup>-2x+1+y<sup>2</sup>+4y+4-x<sup>2</sup>-6x-9-y<sup>2</sup>-8y-16=0</p> <p>or, -8x-4y+5-25=0</p> <p>or, -8x-4y-20=0</p> <p>or, -4(2x+y+5)=0</p> <p>&there4; Required locus is 2x+y+5=0.Ans.</p> <p></p> <p></p>

Videos

Locus
Introduction To Locus / Coordinate Geometry / Maths Geometry
Complex Numbers - Loci : Perpendicular bisector : ExamSolutions Maths Video Tutorials
Excreta Management

Excreta Management

Effects of excreta disposal on environmental health

Excreta disposed in free space pollutes air, water and land. Some of the problems created by excreta are described below:

Pollution of surroundings

Some people excrete in open areas whereas some in latrine. Similarly some people do not keep latrine clean. This is harmful to our health. It also makes our surroundings polluted.

Pollution of air, water and land

There is not proper latrines in rural areas as compared to urban areas. They use open space as field for defecation. It pollutes air, water and land.

Spread of diseases

Polluted environment is a favorable place for spreading germs. The agents spread through excreta to our food, cause cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid etc.

Types of latrines and use

Latrine is a place where disposal of excreta is done. Latrines helps to keep our environment clean. The types of latrines differ from rural and urban areas.People use different types of latrine as convenient to them. Different types of latrines are described below:

Simple pit Latrine

This latrine is constructed by digging pit. Its size depends on the size of the family. It can be constructed in rural areas where there is lack of sufficient material like cement, water iron rod etc.

Site selection:

Site for a pit latrine should be selected carefully. The soil structure of its site should be hard. The following points should be considered while selecting its site:

  • A pit latrine should be about 30 feet away from the house and it should be constructed below the water sources.
  • Pit latrine should not be constructed on the land that consists of soft soil.
  • The door and ventilation of latrine should not be faced towards the house. Otherwise, bad smell of the latrine spreads towards houses.

Advantages and disadvantages of simple pit latrine

There are both advantages and disadvantages of simple pit latrine. They are as follows:

  • Pit latrine can be constructed in the area where there is lack of sufficient water to use.
  • Pit latrine can be constructed with low cost. After construction, it can be used for longer period.
  • Ventilator can be kepi in the latrine and a wooden slab can cover the pan.
  • If proper attention is not given while constructing the pit latrine, pit may be filled from sliding the soft soil around the pit. It may spread bad smell and may cause several diseases.

Improved pit latrine (SULAV Shauchalaya)

It is the improved pit latrines. There is a provision of drain up to the pits. This type of latrine is permanent and better than simple latrine. The site of improved pit latrine is selected following the criteria as in simple pit latrine.

Advantages of improved pit latrine

The advantages of Improved pit latrine are as follows:

  • It consists of two pits. When first pit is filled second pit is used. The excreta of first pit convert into compost before using second pit. Less experienced person can construct it.
  • This latrine is permanent because it is constructed by using cement, rings, pans and slab.
  • There is water seal in its pan so that it prevents to spreads bad smell.
  • This latrine helps to prevent from diseases that are born from excreta. It helps to keep our environment healthy and keep us healthy.

Lesson

Environmental Health

Subject

Enviroment Population and Health

Grade

Grade 9

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