Electro Mechanical Computers

Mark I is the first electro-mechanical computer developed by Howard Aiken in 1937. This note provide us an information about Electro-Mechanical Computers.

Summary

Mark I is the first electro-mechanical computer developed by Howard Aiken in 1937. This note provide us an information about Electro-Mechanical Computers.

Things to Remember

  • Mark-I is the first electro-mechanical computer developed by Howard Aiken in 1937.
  • In 1942, J.V. Atanasoft and Clifford Berry in 1942 developed Atanasoff Berry computer.
  • EDVAC was developed by John Mauchlay, John Presper Eckert with assistance of John Von Neumann in 1952.
  • UNIVAC was first developed by John Mauchlay and J. Presper Eckert in 1951. 
  • EDSAC was developed by Maurice Wilkes and his team in 1949. 

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

 intellectual power


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>knowledge</p>

Q2:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases: 

kept


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>held</p>

Q3:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

pieces/parts


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>fragments</p>

Q4:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

extends


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>stretches</p>

Q5:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

 god


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>father</p>

Q6:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

always


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>ever</p>

Q7:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

 you


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>thee</p>

Q8:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

bottom


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>depth</p>

Q9:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

flow


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>stream</p>

Q10:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

 detached


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>broken</p>

Q11:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

path/ course / route


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>way</p>

Q12:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

 understanding or learning


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Q13:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

 common sense or judgement


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Q14:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

 distressed/ sad/ uninteresting/ dull or gloomy


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>heavy</p>

Q15:

Find the words, from the poem, which are closest in meaning to the following words or phrases:

completeness or faultlessness/ the state of being perfect


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>perfection</p>

Q16:

Match the words in column 'A' with their meanings in :

Column 'A'                         Column 'B'

free                                          constant                        

thought                                 state of being free/ liberty

freedom                                havig personal rights

striving                                 the power or process of thinking

stretches                            making an effort or attempt

reason                                  becomes wider or larger/ reaches out

heaven                                  home of god/ paradise

tireless                                 power of mind to think or understand in a logical way 


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>free - having personal rights</p> <p>thought- the power or process of thinking</p> <p>freedom- state of being free/ liberty</p> <p>striving- making an effort or attempt</p> <p>stretches- becomes wider or larger/ reaches out</p> <p>reason- power of mind to think or understand in a logical way</p> <p>heaven- home of god/ paradise</p> <p>tireless- constant</p>

Q17:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 low


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>High</p>

Q18:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 wide; broad


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>narrow</p>

Q19:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

incompleteness


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>perfection</p>

Q20:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 vague


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>clear</p>

Q21:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 found


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>lost</p>

Q22:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

alive


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>dead</p>

Q23:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 followed


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>led</p>

Q24:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 backward


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>forward</p>

Q25:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

never


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>ever</p>

Q26:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

narrowing


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>widening</p>

Q27:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 hell


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>heaven</p>

Q28:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 asleep


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>awake</p>

Q29:

Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

tired


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>tireless</p>

Q30:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 interesting; pleasant


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>dreary</p>

Q31:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

falsity; falsehood


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>truth</p>

Q32:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 joined/ connected


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>broken</p>

Q33:

 Find the words, from the above poem, which are opposite in meaning to the following words/ phrases:

 courage


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>fear</p>

Q34:

Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

Fearless mind is always admired.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>T</p>

Q35:

Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 Constant attempts deserve perfection.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Q36:

 Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

Dead habits refer to the dead people's habits.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'F'</p>

Q37:

 Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 Dead habits are essential for the development.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'F'</p>

Q38:

 Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 The poet wishes for the freedom of knowledge.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'T'</p>

Q39:

 Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 The poem is a prayer for all the poet's countrymen.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'T'</p>

Q40:

Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

The mind should be fearless to get better knowledge.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'T'</p>

Q41:

 Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 There is fear where all people hold their head upright.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Q42:

Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

The world has been divided into small fragments.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'F'</p>

Q43:

 Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

The present world has not been divided into many domestic walls.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'T'</p>

Q44:

Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 The poet thinks that the present world is divided into different factions.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'F'</p>

Q45:

Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 The poet prays for a world guided by reason, but not dominated by old useless, unreasonable traditional rules.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'F'</p>

Q46:

 Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:

 If the mind is full of fear, people can think act freely and live with dignity.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>'F'</p>

Q47:

 Find the words that are closest to the following definitions:

trying very hard to achieve sth


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Q48:

 Find the words that are closest to the following definitions:

b) a large area of land covered with sand


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>desert</p>

Q49:

 Find the words that are closest to the following definitions:

a large area of land covered with sand


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>desert</p>

Q50:

 Find the words that are closest to the following definitions:

divisions between societies, countries etc.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>fragment</p>

Q51:

 Find the words that are closest to the following definitions:

emotion caused by the nearness/ possibility of danger etc.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>fear</p>

Q52:

 Find the words that are closest to the following definitions:

old useless traditions/ unreasonable outdated rules


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Q53:

Complete the following sentences supplying appropriate words from the poem:

The poet appeals to God to change his country as a ______.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>heaven</p>

Q54:

Complete the following sentences supplying appropriate words from the poem:

The poet wants to hear ______.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Q55:

Answer these questions:

What is this poem entitled?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>This poem is entitled as 'Where the Mind is Without Fear'.</p>

Q56:

Answer these questions:

What do you mean by "dead habits"?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q57:

Answer these questions:

When will our head be held?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q58:

Answer these questions:

Who has composed this poem?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Rabindranath Tagore has composed this poem.</p>

Q59:

Answer these questions:

When does the mind hold high?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q60:

Answer these questions:

Why is the world divided into parts?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q61:

Answer these questions:

Where should our arms be directed?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q62:

Answer these questions:

Where is the mind expected to be led?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q63:

Answer these questions:

In what situations is knowledge not free?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q64:

Answer these questions:

What happens if the mind is full of fear?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q65:

Answer these questions:

What is the essence/ theme of the poem?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q66:

Answer these questions:

What does the poet wish for his country?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q67:

Answer these questions:

What has broken the world into fragments?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q68:

Answer these questions:

When is the knowledge freely expressed?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q69:

Answer these questions:

 What kinds of words does the poet want to hear?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q70:

Answer these questions:

What is the cause of the world's fragmentation?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q71:

Answer these questions:

What are bad effects of narrow domestic walls?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q72:

Answer these questions:

What does the poet pray to the Almighty Father?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q73:

Answer these questions:

Why has the world been broken up into fragments?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Q74:

Answer these questions:

In line 3, what does "narrow domestic walls" mean?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Electro Mechanical Computers

Electro Mechanical Computers

MARK-I

It is the first electro-mechanical computer developed by Howard Aiken in 1937. The machine was 5ft long, 3ft wide and 8ft high and used in 18000 vacuum tubes. The machine took 1 second to perform 3 mathematical calculations.


http://i.imgur.com/xsEy4N0.jpg
Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC )

In 1942, J.V. Atanasoft and Clifford Berry in 1942 developed Atanasoff Berry computer. It was developed to solve simultaneous equation.


ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

In 1946, this machine was developed by John Mauchlay and J. Presper Eckert. It used decimal number system for calculation. This machine can calculate 300 times faster than any other machine of that time. This machine was used in military operation for firing ballistic missiles.


EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)

This machine was developed by Maurice Wilkes and his team in 1949. 3000 vacuum tubes and consumed 30KW electric power.


EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)

This machine was developed by John Mauchlay, John Presper Eckert with assistance of John Von Neumann in 1952. This machine was the first machine that could store programs in it with the help of binary digits.


UNIVAC ( Universal Automatic Computer)

This machine was first developed by John Mauchlay and J. Presper Eckert in 1951. This was the first computer developed for commercial use.


Some useful technical terms
  1. The first computer brought in Nepal. (IBM 1401)
  1. The first mechanical device using strings on beads. (Abacus)
  1. Father of computer science. (Charles Babbage)
  1. The first automatic electromechanical computer. (Mark-1)
  1. The first commercially used general purposed computer. (UNIVAC)
  1. The founder of IBM Company USA. (Dr. Herman Hollerith)
  2. The person who gave stored program concept. (John Von Neuman)
  3. The main component used in third generation computers. (Integrated Circuit)
  4. The computer generation in which laptops and palmtops are being developed. (Fourth generation)
  5. The branch of computer science that will possess reasoning power as human being. (AI)

Full forms
  1. Bit : Binary Digit
  2. GIGO : Garbage in Garbage Out
  3. CPU : Central Processing Unit
  4. IPM : Information Processing Machine
  5. MIPS : Millions of Instructions Per Second
  6. ECG : Eco Cardio Graphy
  7. ATM : Automatic Teller Machine
  8. ICU : Intensive Care Unit
  9. CD-ROM : Compact Disk Read Only Memory
  10. DVD : Digital Versatile Disk
  11. EDSAC : Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer
  12. EDVAC : Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
  13. UNIVAC : Universal Automatic Computer
  14. ENIAC : Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
  15. ASCII : American Standard Code for Information Interchange
  16. E BCDIC : Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
  17. BCD : Binary Coded Decimal
  18. IC : Integrated Circuit
  19. LSI : Large Scale Integration
  20. VLSI : Very Large Scale Integration
  21. ULSI : Ultra Large Scale Integration
  22. PC : Personal Computer
  23. IBM : International Business Machines
  24. ASCC : Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
  25. ABC : Atanasoff Berry Computer
  26. PDA : Personal Digital Assistance
  27. GaAs : Gallium Arsenide

Lesson

Introduction to Computer

Subject

Computer

Grade

Grade 9

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