Introduction and Objectives of Trial Balance
This note provides you with the introduction and objectives of the trail balance.
Summary
This note provides you with the introduction and objectives of the trail balance.
Things to Remember
- Trail balance is the third step of accounting.
- A trial balance is a list of debit and credit balances of all the ledger accounts extracted on a given date.
- The fundamental principle of the double entry system is that the every debit amount must be equal to every credit amount or vice versa.
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Introduction and Objectives of Trial Balance
Introduction
A business records all its financial transactions first of all in journal or subsidiary books. Hence, the journal is the first step of accounting. It posts the transactions from the journal to the ledger by opening up individual accounts. Hence, the ledger is the second step of accounting.
While recording the transactions in the journal or subsidiary books and posting them in a ledger, a number of errors can be committed. Before preparing final accounts, therefore, the journal or subsidiary books and the ledger accounts must be checked to confirm their arithmetical accuracy. A statement, which is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts, is called trail balance. Hence, the trial balance is the third step of accounting.
The fundamental principle of the double entry system is that the every debit amount must be equal to every credit amount or vice versa. This principle is applicable both in journal and ledger. Hence, the principle provides a check on the arithmetical accuracy of the journal and ledger through the means of the trail balance.
Meaning and Definition
A trial balance is a list of debit and credit balances of all the ledger accounts extracted on a given date. It is not an account rather only a statement. It is not a part of books of accounts maintained under double entry system. It is the statement of debit and credit balances of all the assets, liabilities, capital, incomes and expenses. It is prepared in a separate sheet of paper to verify the arithmetical accuracy of books of account. Following are the main definitions of the trial balance:
"Trail balance is the list of debit and credit balances, taken out from the ledger, it also includes the balances of cash and bank taken from the cash book," - R. N. Carter
"The statement prepared with the help of ledger balances at the end of financial year (or at any other date) to find out whether debit total agrees with credit total is called trail balance. " - R. Pickle
"Trail balance is a list of balances debit or credit standing in the books of a trade at any given date," - J. R. Batliboi
Objectives
The main objectives of preparing the trial balance are as follows:
- To obtain summary information: The trial balance provides summary information of all the ledger accounts in one place. It presents the balances of all the assets, liabilities, capital, incomes and expenses relating to a particular date.
- To help in making composition and decision: The trial balance helps in comparing the balances of assets, liabilities, capital, incomes, and expenses between two different periods. Such comparison helps in making a proper judgment of different activities of the business and arriving at important decisions.
- To check arithmetical accuracy: The trial balance checks the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts. It checks whether the total of debit balances equals the total of credit balances or not. If the trial balances agree, it proves the arithmetical accuracy. If it does not agree, it includes the existence of errors in the books of accounts, which are to be located and rectified.
- To facilitate for preparing the final accounts: The trial balance serves the basis for preparing the final accounts. From the trial balance, the balances of incomes and expenses are placed on the trading and profit and loss accounts and the balances of assets, liabilities and capital are placed on the balance sheet.
- To help for locating and rectifying errors: The trial balance helps to locate the accounting errors at an early stage. It's disagreement is the signal for the existence of accounting errors in the books of accounts, which compels to locate and rectify them in future.
- To help in minimizing errors and frauds: The trial balance helps in minimizing the different types of accounting errors and frauds. If the errors and frauds are committed, the trial balance disagrees. Hence, it gives moral pressure to the accounting personnel to maintain books of accounts with great care and honesty.
Lesson
Trial Balance
Subject
Accountancy
Grade
Grade 9
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