Method Of Preparation of Phenol
Most of the industrial methods used for preparing phenols are same as used in the laboratory. However, certain phenols(including the most important one, Phenol) are produced commercially by some special methods which are quite inconvenient to use as laboratory method.Several methods have been used to synthesised phenols commercially. Some important methods for the commercial production are described as above.
Summary
Most of the industrial methods used for preparing phenols are same as used in the laboratory. However, certain phenols(including the most important one, Phenol) are produced commercially by some special methods which are quite inconvenient to use as laboratory method.Several methods have been used to synthesised phenols commercially. Some important methods for the commercial production are described as above.
Things to Remember
- Most of the industrial methods used for preparing phenols are same as used in the laboratory.
- Several methods have been used to synthesised phenols commercially.
- When sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acid is fused with caustic soda at 3000C,sodium phenoxide is obtained which on acidification produce phenol.
- When chlorobenzene is heated with caustic soda at 3000C and 200 atm pressure, sodium phenoxide is formed which on acidification produces phenol.
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Method Of Preparation of Phenol
A general method of preparation of phenol.
Or industrial methods of preparation of phenols.
Most of the industrial methods used for preparing phenols are same as used in the laboratory. However, certain phenols(including the most important one, Phenol) are produced commercially by some special methods which are quite inconvenient to use as laboratory method.
Phenol is a highly important industrial chemical because it serves as the raw material for a large number of commercial products such as aspirin , dyes, phenol-formaldehyde polymer etc. worldwide production of phenol is more than 3 million tonnes per year. A small portion of phenols, as well as cresol produced per year, comes from coal-tar but nearly all the phenols produced commercially are synthetic. Several methods have been used to synthesised phenols commercially. Some important methods for the commercial production are described as below.
The general method for the preparation of phenols is as follows.
- From haloarenes: Dows process.
- From diazonium salt.
- From benzene sulphonate.
- By decarboxylation of salicylic acid.
1. From haloarenes: Dows process.
When chlorobenzene is heated with caustic soda at 3000C and 200 atm pressure, sodium phenoxide is formed which on acidification produces phenol.
2. From diazonium salt.
A diazonium salt gives phenol when warmed in presence of water.
3. From benzene sulphonate.
When sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acid is fused with caustic soda at 3000C,sodium phenoxide is obtained which on acidification produce phenol.
4. By decarboxylation of salicylic acid.
Salicylic acid undergoes decarboxylation when heated with soda lime to produce sodium phenoxide which on acidification produces phenol.
Reference.
Bahl, B S, Bahl, and Arun.Advanced Organic chemistry.S. Chand and company Ltd., n.d.
Sthapit, M K, R R Pradhananga, and K B Bajracharya.Foundations of chemistry.Taleju Prakashan, n.d.
Tewari, K S, S N Mehrotra, and N K Vishnoi.A textbook of organic chemistry.Vikash publishing House Pvt. ltd., n.d.
Verma, N K and S K Khanna.Compressive chemistry.8th edition. Laxmi publications P. Ltd., 1999.
Lesson
Alcohols and Phenols
Subject
Chemistry
Grade
Grade 12
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