Endocrine Gland 2

Adrenal gland

it also called suprarenal gland located on the top of each kidney .adrenal gland has two parts outer cortex and inner medulla .the cortex is mesodermal while medulla is ectodermal in an organism.
Adrenal cortex
it is outer and has 3 layers Zona glomerulosa,zona fasciculate and zona reticularis
hormones of the adrenal cortex .
they are steroid in natre and are collectively called corticoids. they are glucocorticoid mineralocorticoid and sex steroid hormones.

Glucocorticoid

these are cortisol; and corticosterone secreted by zone fasciculate and zona reticularis .it regulates carbohydrate metabolism by increasing glycogenesis,gluconeogenesis . Hypersecretion in female causes adrenal virilism it is characterized by the appearance of beards , moustaches and male voice .its helps in absorption of fat and deamination of protein . it helps in absorption of fat and deamination of protein.its helps in absorption of fat and deamination of proteins it mainly in acts on cells of the liver called target cells .
hyposecretion of glucocorticoid hormones causes Addison's disease this is character by low blood sugar and no , nausea , vomiting , diarrhoeas and Bronge pigmentation of the skin .
hypersecretion causes Cushing syndrome and cons syndrome.

Mineralocorticoids

1 they are aldosterone.deoxycorticosterone secreted by zona glomerulosa . they increase sodium in blood and decrease potassium . it is salt-retaining hormone It is concerned with electrolytes and water balance it mainly acts on the cell of kidney called target cell.

Sex hormones

1 the dehydro Epiandrosterone hormone ,
2 Oestrogens in female and androgen hormone in male they control the growth of sex organs and secondary sexual characters excess secretion of estrogens in male causes Gynecomastia .
Adrenal medulla
its secretes two hormones nor epinephrine and epinephrine , the hormones mainly acts on muscles , blood vessels, and hearts.

Nor epinephrine hormones

1 it is also called nor adrenalin it regulates the blood pressure and controls the constrict the activity of blood vessel also increase the active of heart it dilates the pupil of the eye .
Epinephrine homone
it is also called adrenalin helping secreted at the time of emergency so-called emergency .hormone it is not essential for daily life . it whips up the metabolism in emergency helping increase consumption of O2 production of heart BMR , heart neat BP etc.

Pineal gland

it is found near diencephalone of the brain and is also known as the 3^rd eye it is ectodermal in origin and to be seat beat of soul hormone melatonin is secreted pineal body. it regulates the development of gonads and slows menstrual cycle in female causes lightening of skin and is anta oinist it causes lightening of skin and is the antagonist of MSH . it is also known as anti ageing hormones . the calcium and magnesium salts are deposited in this gland so-called brain sad
thymus gland .
it is bilobed and flattened gland located just in front of heart. it is active in young one but it becomes inactive after puberty it can be divided into cortex and medulla cortex consists of thymocytes and medulla has hassle bodies responsible for maturation of t cell so-called training school of T lymphocytes .The thymus plays a dual role 1^st as the seedbed of uncommitted lymphocytes and secondly as a stimulator for lymphocytes to acquire specific immunity.

fig Pineal gland

Pancreas

it is mixed gland islets of Langerhans is endocrine past as well they which has 3 types of cells hormone of pancreas are as followed :-
1 Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin

Reference:

Agrawal, sarita. principle of biology. 2nd edition . kathmandu: Asmita book Publication, 2068 ,2069

Mehta, Krishna Ram. Principle of biology. 2nd edition. kathmandu: Asmita, 2068,2069.

Jorden, S.L. principle of biology. 2nd edition . Kathmandu: Asmita book Publication, 2068.2069.