Tourism and Hospitality

Concept and Meaning of Tourism

Tourism is one of the most energetic and rapid growing sectors throughout the world and the keys elements for the development of economic growth, employment opportunities and helps to maintain the poverty of people. A travel made by the people from their home to other places in the easier days has now turned into the world’s most flourishing industry called tourism.

The word "tourism" is derived from the French word ‘tourism’ literally means to tours and travel. Tourism is the temporary movement to the particular destination undertaken by the human that starts from one place to another place, the activities were undertaken during their stay in that destination, and the facilities provided to cater according to their needs. It is a phenomenon of human character related to tour and travelling in a particular area, locality, sites, places, etc. But travelling without any reason for a temporary stay is not termed as tourism.

Tourism is about people who travel away from residence environment for many reasons. The two terms "travel" and "tourism" can be used in isolation or together to describe their concept.

• The movement of people.
• Sectors of the economy or an industry.
• A broad system of intersecting relationship of people, their needs to travel outside their communities and service that attempt to respond to their need by supplying products.

Tourism is travel for recreational or leisure purpose. Or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. The world tourism organization defines tourists as who “travel to and stay in places outsiders they are usual environmental not more than one consecutive year in places outside their usual purpose not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals. Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by consumption of good and services by tourists, the taxes levied on business in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. Their service industries include transportation service cruise ship and taxis, accommodation such as hotel, restaurants, has and entertainments venues, and other hospitality industry service such spas and resorts.

Definition from different scholars to tourism

According to the tourism society of Britain, "Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destination outside of the places where they normally live and works, and their activities during their stay at these destinations".

According to him, Mr. Valens L. Smith's "A tourism is a temporally leisured person who voluntarily visits a place away from home for experiencing an exchange".

Importance of Tourism

Tourism is a hospitality industry, which has been growing very fast to be one of the major industries in the world. It plays an important role in the national economy. The industrial product produced is an economy like ours is not in a position to compete with the foreign goods due to the quality competition. Hence, the tourism industry helps to generate direct foreign exchange and employment opportunities. It also creates consciousness among people. The importance of tourism is summarized as under:

1. Provides employments opportunities, both skilled and unskilled because it is a labor-intensive industry.
2. Increase income.
3. Generals a supply of needed foreign exchange.
4. Can be built on existing infrastructure.
5. Help to diversify the economy.
6. Spreads developments.
7. Has high multiplies infects.
8. Promotes a global community.
9. Create a favorable worldwide image for a destination.
10. Promote international understanding and peace.
11. Justifies environmental protection and improvement.
12. Visitor interest in local cultural provide employments for artists, musicians, and other performing artists, thereby exchanging the cultural heritage.

Concept and Meaning of Hospitality

The oxford dictionary defines. “Hospitality “as the ‘reception’ and ‘entertainment’ provide to visitor and Stanger with good warm welcome. Therefore hospitality industry can broadly be defined as bringing together the food and beverage service to those people who are away from their homes with a warm welcome. It also included providing, organizing better services to and take proper care of the guest.

Hospitality means a business of serving food and beverage through different outlets and catering services those people who are away from home for long period of time or short period of time hospitality industry provide a warm welcome to those people who leave their home for the different purpose. It includes both food and beverage whose as catering deal with food and beverage services only.

A hospitality service is about creating a sense of well-being to the guests. It is a feeling that their needs are being meet and their businesses are valued. Hospitality services can be characterized as follows:

1. Intangibility:
   The customers cannot touch, feel or smell. They can simply develop an imaginary picture about what they are going to see at the meeting point.
2. Inseparability:
   A person who possesses a particular skill by using equipment to handle a tangible product provides services. Therefore, services cannot be separated from the persons or firm providing it.
3. Heterogeneity:
   In hospitality, the service and products are offered to humans simultaneously. The human elements are very much involved in providing and rendering service. For e.g. a chef who cooks best dishes in a best possible manner with full attention but, every time the same chef may behave differently while preparing same dishes or while presenting it.
4. Perishability:
   In hospitality, services cannot be stored because they are perishable. For e.g. a vacant bedroom in a hotel or an unsold seat in dining room represents a total loss or even a fluctuating demands.
5. Ownership:
   When one buys products /he becomes its owner - be it a shop, book, food, etc. In a case of a service, you only pay for its use but you never own it. For e.g. a guest simply hires the hotel rooms but does not own it.

Hospitality Industry

The hospitality industry consists of a broad category of fields within the services industry that included accommodation, restaurants and bars, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the travel and tourism industry. Specifically, the hospitality industry is parts of travel and tourism industry, but accommodation and catering is a part of the hospitality industry, which is limited within the periphery of hotels and restaurant. It is the industry of providing required and necessary service to the travelers travelling to different places for a different purpose, especially for leisure / pleasure activities. Generally, the hospitality industry is divided into two sectors. They are:

Private sectors: Industries owned by the group of individuals or franchised by the expertise of hospitality management insole entrepreneurship is called private sectors. Hostility industries in the private sectors include accommodation, catering, travel agency, tour operators, transport, guide and information services, entertainment and leisure products.

Public/government sectors: Industries owned by the government or public sector include planning and development (NTB, in the case of Nepal), transport, immigration, custom and excise, marketing, licensing and regulation, etc.

References:

Oli, Gopal Singh and B.B. Chettri. Hotel Management and Principle and Practise. Kathmandu: Buddha Academic Publisher and Distributer, 2015.

Shrestha, Dinesh, et al. A School of Hotel Management. Kathmandu: Arcadia Publishing House, 2015.