Registration of Co-operative in Nepal and Its Role in Developing Countries
In Nepal, The Co-operative organization we guided and regulated by co-operative act 2048.Before starting the co-operative, the prospective members are required to discuss all the matter relating to the formation of co-operative.A co-operative organization cannot start its legal business activity without registering in the co-operative department.Following steps are required co-operative in Nepal; preliminary Meeting Application for registration Investigation of application Certificate of registration
Summary
In Nepal, The Co-operative organization we guided and regulated by co-operative act 2048.Before starting the co-operative, the prospective members are required to discuss all the matter relating to the formation of co-operative.A co-operative organization cannot start its legal business activity without registering in the co-operative department.Following steps are required co-operative in Nepal; preliminary Meeting Application for registration Investigation of application Certificate of registration
Things to Remember
- The preliminary meeting is the first stage of a prospective member before starting a co-operative activity, at this meeting all the members will discuss the different matter such as problems and benefit of the co-operative number of members, objectives, capital required rules and regulation.
- Application for registration the second stage of co-operative registration. At this stage, a complete registration form is submitted to register department of co-operative.
- NCDB is the highest authority to development plans, policies relating to the co-operative organization.
- Co-operative organizations encourage a saving habit of people by providing a high rate of interest on saving.
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Subjective Questions
Q1:
What does Oral suctioning mean ?
Type: Short Difficulty: Easy
Q2:
What is the procedure of doing oral suctioning ?
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy
<ol>
<li>Confirm the client's ID using two client identifiers according to your facility's policy.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Checking identification ensures client safety through a concept of correct procedure for correct client.</strong></p>
<ol start="2">
<li>Explain the procedure to the client even if the client is unresponsive. Inform the client that suctioning may stimulate transient coughing or gagging, but explain that coughing helps to mobilize secretions. If the client has been suctioned before, just summarize the reasons for the procedure. Reassure the client throughout the procedure.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Explanation minimizes anxiety and fear, which can increase oxygen consumption.</strong></p>
<ol start="3">
<li>Wash your hands.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Handwashing reduces the transfer of microorganisms.</strong></p>
<ol start="4">
<li>Gather and place the suction equipment on the client's overbed table or bedside stand. Position the table or stand on your preferred side of the bed to facilitate suctioning. Connect the tubing to the suctioning unit. Date and open the bottle of normal saline solution. Open the waterproof trash bag.</li>
<li>Don personal protective equipment, as appropriate.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong> Protective equipment protects you from contact with secretions.</strong></p>
<ol start="6">
<li>Turn on the suction from the wall or portable unit and set the pressure according to your facility's policy. The pressure may be set between 100 and 150 mm Hg. Occlude the end of the connecting tubing to check suction pressure.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Tube occlusion tests suction apparatus; higher pressures cause excessive trauma without enhancing secretion removal.</strong></p>
<ol start="7">
<li>Place the client in semi-Fowler's or high-Fowler's position, if tolerated, to promote lung expansion and effective coughing. If the client is unconscious, position the client on his side facing you to help promote drainage of secretions.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Side position promotes forward drainage of secretions.</strong></p>
<ol start="8">
<li>Place a towel across the client's chest.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Towel prevents contact with secretions.</strong></p>
<ol start="9">
<li>Using strict aseptic technique, open the suction catheter kit or the packages containing the sterile catheter, container, and gloves. Don the gloves; consider your dominant hand sterile and your nondominant hand nonsterile. Using your nondominant hand, pour the saline solution into the sterile container.</li>
<li>Pick up the catheter with your dominant (sterile) hand and attach it to the connecting tubing. Use your nondominant hand to control the suction valve while your dominant hand manipulates the catheter.</li>
<li>Lubricate 3" to 4" of the catheter tip with an irrigating solution.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Lubrication prevents mucosal trauma when a catheter is inserted.</strong></p>
<ol start="12">
<li>Instruct the client to a cough and breathe slowly and deeply several times before beginning suction. (See<a href="http://downloads.lww.com/wolterskluwer_vitalstream_com/sample-content/9780781788786_Craven/samples/mod09/topic8d/text.html##"><strong>Tips on Airway Clearance</strong></a>.)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Coughing helps loosen secretions and may decrease an amount of suction necessary, while deep breathing helps minimize or prevent hypoxia.</strong></p>
<ol start="13">
<li>Without applying suction, gently insert the catheter into the client's mouth. Advance it 3_ to 4_ (7.5 to 10 cm) along the side of the client's mouth until you reach the pool of secretions or the client begins to cough.</li>
<li>Using intermittent suction, withdraw the catheter from the mouth with a continuous rotating motion to minimize invagination of the mucosa into the catheter's tip and side ports.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Apply suction for only 10 to 15 seconds at a time to minimize tissue trauma.</strong></p>
<ol start="15">
<li>When removing the catheter, wrap it around your dominant (sterile) hand to prevent contamination.</li>
<li>Suction both sides of the client's mouth and pharyngeal area. If secretions are thick, clear the lumen of the catheter by dipping it in water and applying suction.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Dipping in water clears secretions from tubing.</strong></p>
<ol start="17">
<li>Repeat the procedure, up to 3 times, until gurgling or bubbling sounds stop and respirations are quiet. Allow 30 seconds to 1 minute between repetitions.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Time between each suctioning allows for reoxygenation and ventilation.</strong></p>
<ol start="18">
<li>After suctioning is complete, pull your sterile glove off over the coiled catheter and discard it, the nonsterile glove, and the container of water.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Glove removal reduces the transfer of microorganisms.</strong></p>
<ol start="19">
<li>Flush the connecting tubing with normal saline solution. Discard the used items and replace with new supplies so they are ready for the next suctioning.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Apply suction for only 10 to 15 seconds at a time to minimize tissue trauma.</strong></p>
<ol start="20">
<li>Remove personal protective equipment and wash your hands.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong><strong>Handwashing reduces the transfer of microorganisms.</strong></p>
<ol start="21">
<li>Let the client rest after the suctioning while you continue to observe him. The frequency and duration of suctioning depend on the client's tolerance for the procedure and on any complications.</li>
<li>Record the date, time, reason for suctioning, and technique used; amount, color, consistency, and odor (if any) of the secretions; the client's respiratory status before and after the procedure; any complications and the nursing action taken; and the client's tolerance for the procedure.</li>
</ol>
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Registration of Co-operative in Nepal and Its Role in Developing Countries
Registration of Co-operative in Nepal
In Nepal, the Co-operative organization is guided and regulated by co-operative act 2048. Before starting the co-operative, the prospective members are required to discuss all the matters relating to the formation of co-operative. A co-operative organization cannot start its legal business activity without registering in the co-operative department. Following steps are required to start co-operative in Nepal:
- Preliminary Meeting
- Application for registration
- Investigation of application
- Certificate of registration
Preliminary Meeting:
It is the first stage of a prospective member before starting a co-operative activity, at this meeting, all the members will discuss the different matter such as problems and benefit of the co-operative, number of members, objectives, capital required and rules and regulation. Once they agree about the formation of co-operative, they will form a different committee and sub-committee. At this meeting, different people will be given different responsibilities such as collection of capital, development of laws and by-law, preparing for registration etc.
Application for registration:
It is the second stage of co-operative registration. At this stage, a complete registration form is submitted to register department of co-operative. The co-operative act has provided a guideline, the checklist of information to be submitted along with the application for registration. Generally, the following information should be provided along with application for registration:
- Name and address of co-operative
- Objective and area of co-operative
- Capital structure of co-operative
- Minimum amount of membership fee
- Any agreement between members before starting any co-operative
- Copies of laws and by-laws of co-operative
Investigation of application:
The concerned authority of department or co-operative will investigate information provided in application form. It identifies the correctness of information. The department will verify either the law or by-law of co-operatives are against or in support of current law of a country. If the department finds certain things to be amended it will issue notice for amendment. If the team of co-operative is not able to provide such amendment then the department will refuse for application registration.
Certificate of registration:
The register of department of co-operative will issue a certificate of registration after making an entry in the registration book. The co-operative can start its legal business after getting a certificate of registration. The co-operative relating to saving and credit is required to follow rules and regulation provided by NRB. It must complete all basic requirement of NRB before starting its economic activities.
Role of Cooperatives in Developing Countries
Developing countries are those countries which are in the process of development and industrialization. The level of income availability and the resources is less in developing countries. They are slowly developing their resources for industrialization. The co-operatives organization plays a vital role in the development of the country. The importance of Co-operative in developing countries like; China, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka are explained as following;
- Encourage Saving
- Provide Institutional Credit
- Help for Economic Diversification
- Terminate Middlemen
- Generate Employment
- Improve Living Standard
- Proper Utilization of Resources
- Democratic Management
Encourage Saving:
Co-operative organizations encourage saving habit of people by providing a high rate of interest on saving. They provide facilities for saving by collecting a small amount of saving daily or on the monthly basis. They visit door to door to collect savings.
Provide Institutional Credit:
In developing countries like Nepal, bank and financial institutions are limited to an urban area only. Urban people have to take a loan from a money lender at the high rate of interest but the co-operatives in the regular area provides institutional credit to their members via the easy process. They avoid exploitation of money lenders.
Help For Economic Diversification:
The co-operative organization provides the economic activities in rural backward areas. In rural areas banks, financial Institutions are not there but the co-operatives facilitates lending and saving service to rural public to starts and develop the economic activities there
Terminating Middlemen:
The co-operative like consumer and marketing society helps to terminate middlemen consumer. Co-operatives directly purchase the product from manufacturers, provide to their member consumer. Marketing society helps to sell and promote manufactures product directly to the consumers. This helps to terminate the role of middleman and benefit both consumers well as manufacturers.
Generating Employment Opportunities:
Co-operative organization needs different kinds of human resources to work at various level. It provides additional employment opportunities in society. On the other hand, co-operative promote business by providing loan and other facilities. When the business organization is established and developed they will create new employment opportunities in society.
Improve living standard:
Different co-operatives are established to help and promote an economic life of their members. They develop saving habit of members. The saving of members is later utilized for different purposes such as production, distribution, education, health, game and sports, cultural and traditional activities. These facilities promote the living standard of people.
Proper Utilization of Resources:
Co-operatives organization helps to develop managerial skills in their member. They provide different training to their member regarding management of organization and resources. It helps in effective utilization of resources so that people will know the importance of scare resources.
Democratic Management:
Co-operative organization practices a democratic system of management. They provide freedom to express ideas, knowledge, and views, among their member. It develops a democratic culture in society. They encourage the member to accept norms, values, rules and regulation of organization.
References:
Khanal, Soma Raj, Surendra Thapa Aslami and Sitaram Dhakal. Business Studies. Kathmandu: Taleju Prakashan, 2067.
Pant, Prem R., et al. Business Studies. Kathmandu: Buddha Academic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2010.
Lesson
Co-operative Organization
Subject
Business Studies
Grade
Grade 11
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