Flow of energy and information through the cell.

Flow of Energy Through a Cell

To maintain cellular, tissue, organs, organ system, a constant supply of free energy from outside is required. Cells obtain energy from its surrounding either in the form of light energy or chemical energy to reduce and avoid entropy. Cells bearing chlorophyll synthesizes food molecules by using solar energy through the process of photosynthesis, which is then oxidized by plants and animals to liberate energy for all the practical purposes of the living system. In the form of ATP, energy can be stored, transferred and transformed in a living system.

The flow of information through the cell.

Flow of information takes place by two routes which are as follows,

1. Flow of intrinsic information:DNA molecules contains genetic information and control intrinsic activities like metabolism and expression of characters by synthesizing protein molecules. DNA transcribe the stored information into RNA molecules which translate the genetic information into specific proteins. The proteins then perform and regulate all the activities of the cell.
   
   \( DNA \overset{transcription}{\rightarrow} RNA \overset{transcription}{\rightarrow} Specific Proteins \)
2. Flow of extrinsic information:Some substances regulate the activities of cell or organs which are known as regulatory substances, when enters the cell combines with cellular receptors of the cell and both controls the metabolic activities of the cell. Some of the informational molecules also bind with certain molecules present on the cell membrane. This all molecules then produce the cellular effect.