Family-Leguminosae

This is one of the largest family of dicotyledon which includes about 600 genera and 13000 species. Family-Papilionaceae includes about 482 genera and 7200 species. This note contain deail information about family Papilionaceae.

Summary

This is one of the largest family of dicotyledon which includes about 600 genera and 13000 species. Family-Papilionaceae includes about 482 genera and 7200 species. This note contain deail information about family Papilionaceae.

Things to Remember

  •  The members are cosmopolitan in distribution. Thus, they are found in diverse habitats of trophics, sub-trophics temperate and even sub-alphine regions. 
  • Many of the vegetables and pulses plants are included in this family. Thus is considered as the economically important family.
  • This is one of the largest family of dicotyledon which includes about 600 genera and 13000 species.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

What is a magnet? Give one exmple of each type of magnet.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>A magnet is a substance which has the property of attracting iron, cobalt, etc. There are two types of magnet which are as follows;</p> <ul><li>Natural magnet: Lodestone</li> <li>Artificial magnet: Bar magnet</li> </ul>

Q2:

Define two types of artificial magnet.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>There are two types of magnet which are as follows:</p> <ul><li>Temporary magnet: Those magnets which can retain their magnetic properties for the short period of time is called temporary magnet.</li> <li>Permanent magnet: Those magnets which can retain their magnetic properties for long period of time is called permanent magnet.</li> </ul>

Q3:

Write any two uses of magnets.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Any two uses of magnets are as follows,</p> <ul><li>They are used in electric motors and generators.</li> <li>They are used in TV screens, computer screens, telephones and in tape recorders.</li> </ul><p></p>

Q4:

Write any two precautions while making an electromagnet.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Any two precautions while making electromagnet are as follows,</p> <ul><li>Instead of using naked wire, insulated copper wire should be used to prevent from short circuit</li> <li>The winding should be done only from one side.</li> </ul><p></p>

Q5:

What is a permanent magnet? Name any three devices in which permanent magnet is used.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Permanent magnets are those magnets which can retain their magnetic properties for a long period of time. Any three devices where permanent magnet is used are as follows;</p> <ul><li>Speaker</li> <li>Radio</li> <li>Tape recorder</li> </ul>

Q6:

How is magnet made by the electrical method? Explain.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>An electrical method is used for making temporary magnets like an electromagnet. Here, the magnetic substances are magnetised by passing electricity. It consists of a coil made of insulated copper wire that is wound around the magnetic substance. The two ends of the wire are connected with the battery having a switch. When the switch is made on, the current flows through the coil and the magnetic substance becomes a magnet. When the switch is made off, the magnetic substance loses the magnetic properties. The magnets which are made by passing electricity are called electromagnet.</p>

Q7:

What is electromagnet? Name any three devices in which it is used.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Any three devices in which electromagnet is used are as follow,</p> <ul><li>Electric bell</li> <li>Loudspeaker</li> <li>Electric motors</li> </ul>

Q8:

What are the differences between the natural magnet and artificial magnet?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The differences between natural magnet and artificial magnet are as follows,</p>
<table width="467">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Natural magnet</strong></td>
<td><strong>Artificial magnet</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>These are the magnets found naturally on earth.</td>
<td>These magnets are made by humans by using various artificial methods.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>These magnets has weak force of attraction.</td>
<td>These magnets has strong force of attraction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example; lodestone and magnetite</td>
<td>Example; bar- magnet and magnetic compass</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Q9:

What are the differences between the permanent magnet and temporary magnet?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The differences between permanent magnet and temporary magnet are given below,</p>
<table width="330">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Permanent magnet</strong></td>
<td><strong>Temporary magnet</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>They retain magnetic properties for the long period of time.</td>
<td>They retain magnetic properties for the short period of time.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Permanent magnets have the magnetic properties even if the external field is zero.</td>
<td>Temporary magnets have magnetic properties only in the presence of an external magnetic field</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>They are used in electric motor and electric fan.</td>
<td>They are used in radio and tape recorder.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

Q10:

What are the differences between bar magnet and electromagnet?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The differences between bar magnet and electromagnet are given below,</p>
<table width="464">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Bar magnet</strong></td>
<td><strong>Electromagnet</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A bar magnet is a permanent magnet.</td>
<td>The electromagnet is a temporary magnet.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>There is no need of electricity to retain the magnetic properties.</td>
<td>Electricity is necessary to retain the magnetic properties.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Q11: What is magnet?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: A magnet is a substance which has the property of attracting iron, cobalt, etc.

Q12:

Who discovered magnet?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Magnet was discovered by the shepherd boy, Mangers.</p>

Q13: What are artificial magnet?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Magnets made by human beings using artificial methods are called artificial magnets.

Q14:

Give any two examples of artificial magnets.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Any two examples of artificial magnets are bar magnet and magnetic compass.</p>

Q15:

What are temporary magnets?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The magnets that can retain their magnetism only for a short time are called temporary magnets.</p>

Q16: Write any one use of magnet.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Magnet is used in magnetic compass.

Q17: Write any two methods of making magnet?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Any two methods of making magnets are rubbing method and electrical method.

Q18: Write any one precaution while making an electromagnet?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: While making electromagnet, the winding should be done starting from only one side.

Q19: Write any three device where electromagnet are used.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Electromagnets are used in electric bells, loud speakers and fans.

Q20: What is loadstone? Which mineral does it contain?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Load stone is a natural magnet. Loadstone contain magnetite, a kind of mineral.

Q21: What are non- magnetic substances?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: The substances which are not attracted by a magnet are called non- magnetic substances.

Q22: What are magnetic substances?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: The substances which are attracted by a magnet are called magnetic substances.

Q23: What is molecular magnet?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: The smallest piece of a magnet that has both north and south poles is called molecular magnet.

Q24: Write any two uses of electromagnet.
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: Any two uses of electromagnet are, it is used for lifting heavy loads and to separate magnetic substances from non- magnetic substances.

Q25: What are permanent magnets?
Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: The magnets that can retain their magnetism for a long time are called permanent magnets.

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Family-Leguminosae

Family-Leguminosae

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source:www.biologydiscussion.com

This is one of the largest family of dicotyledon which includes about 600 genera and 13000 species.The members are found in all possible habitats of trophics, sub-trophics and temperate regions of the world. Depending on the characters of corolla and androecium, this family is divided into 3 subfamilies;

  • Papilionoideae (Papilionaceae)
  • Caesalpinioideae ( Caesalpiniaceae)
  • Mimosoideae (Mimosaceae)

Family: Papilionaceae (Pea family)

Class: Dicotyledonae

Sub-class: Polypetalae

Series: Calyciflorae

Order: Rosales

Family: Leguminosae

Common name: Papilionaceae

Distribution:

The family includes about 482 genera and 7200 species. The members are cosmopolitan in distribution. Thus, they are found in diverse habitats of trophics, sub-trophics temperate and even sub-alpine regions. Many of the vegetables and pulses plants are included in this family. Thus is considered as the economically important family.

Vegetative character:

Habit

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs (Pisum, Vicia), undershrubs(Crotolaria alba), Shrubs(Cajanus), trees(Dalbergia, Pterocarpus) or climbers(Lathyrus), mostly terrestrial, sometimes aquatic.

sdf

Root

Well established branched taproot system inhabited by nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria forming root nodules to increase the fertility of the soil.

Stem

Aerial, sometimes submerged, erect or creeping or climbing the support with distinct nodes and internodes branched, herbaceous or woody, cylindrical or angular or flattened, solid or fistular, pubescent or glabrous.

Leaf

Cauline and ramal, stipulate, sometimes ex-stipulate. Stipules are foliaceous(large leaf-like)(Pisum), Alternate, sometimes opposite or whorled, small or pinnately compound or palmately compound, in pinnately compound leaf upper leaflets may be modified into leaf tendrils(Lathyrus, Pisum), unicostate or multicostate reticulate venation.

Floral characters

Inflorescence

Racemose, terminal or axillary raceme (Pisum) or spike(Urania) or panicle (branched raceme or spike)(Dalbergia), sometimes solitary also.

Flower

Bracteate, rarely ebracteate, pedicellate or sessile, complete, bisexual, zygomorphic, hypogynous, pentamerous, papilionaceae.

Calyx

Sepals(5), gamosepalous, unequal size, valvate aestivation, sometimes imbricate, odd sepal anterior, persistent inferior.

Corolla

Petals1+2+(2), 3 polypetalous, 2 gamopetalous, vexillary aestivation(presence of five unequal sized petals posterior largest petal known as vexillum or standard, partially overlap 2 lateral medium sized petals known as wings or alae which overlap 2 anterior smallest fused petals known as keels or carina, inferior.

Androecium

Stamens 10, diadelphous either 1+ (9) in Pisum sativum or (5)+(5) in Smithiana or sometimes monadelphous either(9) in Dalbergia or (10)in Arachis hypogea, rarely polyandrous(sophora), anthers dithecous, basifixed or dorsifixed, introrse, inferior.

Gynoecium

Carpel1, monocarpellary, ovary superior, unilocular with many ovules in marginal placentation, ovary elongated somewhat flattened, style simple or bent, stigma normally simple.

Floral formula

Br % K((5) C1+2+(2) A(10)

Economic Importance

Vegetables and Pulses

Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea)

Pisum sativum (Pea)

Vicia faba (Broad bean)

Cicer arietinum (Gram)

Phaseolus aureus (Green gram)

Oil-yielding plants

Arachis hypogea (Groundnut)

Glycine man (Soybean)

Timber plants

Dalbergia sissoo (Sissow)

Pterocarpus marsupium (Indian kino tree)

Ornamental plants

Lathyrus Odoratus (Garden pea)

Saphora japonica (Japanese pagoda tree)

Lesson

Angiosperm

Subject

Biology

Grade

Grade 11

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