Family- Compositae

This is the largest family of angiospermae which includes 1100 genera and over 20,000 species. This note contains detail information about Family Compositae.

Summary

This is the largest family of angiospermae which includes 1100 genera and over 20,000 species. This note contains detail information about Family Compositae.

Things to Remember

  • This is the largest family of Angiospermae which includes 1100 genera and over 20,000 species. 
  • The members are cosmopolitan in distribution and are found in all possible habitats of trophics, sub-trophics, temperate and subalpine regions.
  • Most of the plants possess milky or watery or resinous and bitter juice which is the characteristic feature of this family.
  •  Ray floret(Ligulate) occurs towards the periphery and tubular disc floret towards the centre.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

Name 5 herbal plants.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Ginger, Aloe vera, Azadirachta Indica, Acorus calamus and Phyllanthus Emblica.</p>
<h3 class="r">&nbsp;</h3>

Q2:

How are the herbal plants processed?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The several steps for processing herbal plants are :</p>
<ul>
<li>Drying</li>
<li>Proper storage</li>
<li>Proper cleaning</li>
<li>Collection of required parts of medicinal plant</li>
<li>Removal of unwanted objects</li>
<li>Cooking/Crushing/Evaporation/Extraction of oil etc.</li>
</ul>

Q3:

Explain in detail the  processing of herbal plants.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Herbal plants found on the local level can be primarily processed and used as a remedy for various diseases and infection. The steps involved in the processing of majority of herbal plants are similar. They all go through a common series of steps which later are differentiated based on utility and specification. The processing of herbal plants are listed below:</p>
<ul>
<li>Drying</li>
<li>Proper storage</li>
<li>Proper cleaning</li>
<li>Collection of required parts of medicinal plant</li>
<li>Removal of unwanted objects</li>
<li>Cooking/Crushing/Evaporation/Extraction of oil etc.</li>
</ul>

Q4:

What are the parts of the herbal plants used for the medicinal purposes?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>The parts of the herbal plants used for the medicinal purposes&nbsp;are roots, bark, leaves, steam, flowers, fruit, whole plant gum and resins.</p>

Q5:

What are the elements to be considered  in the storage of herbal plants?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>In the storage of herbal plants, the following elements are to be considered:</p>
<ul>
<li>Container, jar or box where herbal plants are kept should be dry, clean and air tight.</li>
<li>Never crumble the medicine plant until you use.</li>
<li>The herbal plant should be kept in sunlight or shade for drying.</li>
<li>Storage room should be dark and cool.</li>
<li>Label the container with the name of the plant along with the date of collection.</li>
<li>Timely monitoring of the stored herbal plants should be carried out.</li>
</ul>

Q6:

What do you mean herbal plants?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>Herbal plants are the plants that have a medicinal significance or are used in some ways in making medicine.</p>

Q7:

What are the uses  of Gheu kumari?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The uses of Gheukumari are digestion, cooling, piles, vomiting, cosmetic etc.</p>

Q8:

What are the uses of Acorus Calamus?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The uses of Acorus Calamus are sore throat, voice disorder, diarrhea, fever, abdominal tumor and dysentery.</p>

Q9:

In which months are Neem and  Dalchini collected?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Neem and Dalchini are collected in the months of Falgun-Baisakh.</p>

Q10:

What are the uses of Amomum Sublatum?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The uses of Amomum Sublatum are for digestion and &nbsp;for preventing &nbsp;lungs diseases.</p>

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Herbal plants
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Family- Compositae

Family- Compositae

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source:www.yourarticlelibrary.com

Class: Dicotyledonae

Sub-class: Gamopetalae

Series: Inferae

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae

Distribution

This is the largest family of angiospermae which includes 1100 genera and over 20,000 species. The members are cosmopolitan in distribution and are found in all possible habitats of trophics, sub-trophics, temperate and subalpine regions.

sdv

Vegetative characters

Habit

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, shrubs (Solidago, Senecio), sometimes trees (Leucomeris), rarely climbers (Senecioscandens). Most of the plants possess milky or watery or resinous and bitter juice which is the characteristic feature of this family.

Root

Branched tap root system, sometimes fibrous also, in some species like Dahlia, Helianthestuberosus etc. The adventitious roots are modified into fasciculated root due to the storage of food materials.

Stem

Aerial, erect or prostrate or a creeping or sometimes climbing with distinct nodes and internodes, branched, herbaceous or woody, cylindrical, solid, rarely fistular, pubescent or glabrous, sometimes branches get modified into thorns (Proustia).

Leaf

Cauline and ramal, sometimes radical(Launaea), exstipulate, petiolate or sessile, alternate or sometimes opposite (Helianthes) or whorled (Eupatorium). Simple or sometimes highly dissected (Artemesia), rarely compound. Sometimes leaves get modified into scales(Odontospermum), spines(Hallophylum), reticulate venation, sometimes parallel venation(Corymbium).

Reproductive characters

Inflorescence

Racemose, head or capitulum consisting of many small flowers developed on the flat or concave or convex receptacle surrounded by an involucre of bracts.

Flower

Flowers being very small are known as florets. Two types of florets are present i.e. ray floret and disc floret. Ray floret(Ligulate) occurs towards the periphery and tubular disc floret towards the centre.

Ray floret

Bracteate or ebracteate, sessile, ligulate, incomplete, unisexual, pistillate, trimerous, sometimes pentamerous, zygomorphic, epigynous.

Calyx

Sepals are modified into thin membranous hair-like structures known as pappus or modified into bristles or scales, persistent, superior.

Corolla

Petals 3 or 5, gamopetalous, ligulate, valvate aestivation, superior.

Androecium; Absent

Gynoecium

Carpels(2), bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary inferior, unilocular with single ovule in basal placentation. Style single, simple and stigma usually bifid.

Fruit

Cypsela

Floral formula

Br or Ebr% Kpappus C(3)\( \overline{G} \)(2)

Disc floret

Bracteate or ebracteate, sessile, tubular, complete, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, epigynous.

Calyx

Sepals are modified into thin membranous hair-like structures known as pappus or modified into bristles or scales, persistent, superior.

Corolla

Petals(5), gamopetalous, sometimes swollen near the base of the style, valvate aestivation, superior.

Androecium

Stamens(5), syngenesious, epipetalous, anthers dithecous, basifixed, sometimes adnate, introrse, superior.

Gynoecium

Carpels(2), bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary inferior, unilocular with single ovule in basal placentation, style single and simple, stigma usually bifid.

Fruit

Cypsela

Floral formula

Br. or Ebr. Kpappus(5) A(5)\( \overline{G} \)(2)

Economic importance

Ornamental plants

  • Helianthus annus (sunflower)
  • Tagetes sps(Marigold
  • Dahlia hybrida (Dahlia)
  • Calendula sps (Pot marigold)

Food plants

  • Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower)
  • Lactuca sativa (Lettuce)

Medicinal plants

  • Artemeria vulgaris (Artemeria)
  • Solidago sps (Golden rod)

Lesson

Angiosperm

Subject

Biology

Grade

Grade 11

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