Income and Expenditure Account
Income and expenditure is a nominal account which includes all revenue items. It is prepared same as profit and loss account i.e. on accrual basis. The difference of this account will represent surplus or deficit.
Summary
Income and expenditure is a nominal account which includes all revenue items. It is prepared same as profit and loss account i.e. on accrual basis. The difference of this account will represent surplus or deficit.
Things to Remember
Features of Income & Expenditure Account
- It is a nominal account.
- It includes all revenue items.
- It includes accrued income or expenditure related to current year only.
- The difference of this account is surplus or deficit.
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Income and Expenditure Account
INTRODUCTION
Income and expenditure is a nominal account which includes all revenue items. It is prepared same as profit and loss account i.e. on accrual basis. The difference of this account will represent surplus or deficit.
Features of Income & Expenditure Account
The features of income and expenditure a/c are as follows:
- It is a nominal account.
- It includes all revenue items.
- It includes accrued income or expenditure related to current year only.
- The difference of this account is surplus or deficit.
Characteristics of Income and Expenditure Account
- It is similar to Profit and Loss Account of a profit-seeking concern.
- All expenses are recorded on debit side and all revenues on credit side of income and expenditure account.
- It deals with only revenue transaction.
- Surplus or deficit of a concern is ascertained through this account. Credit balance indicates surplus, while debit balance indicates deficit.
- Its balance is transferred to Capital Fund Account.
- It is prepared on the last day of an accounting year.
- It does not need opening balance.
Method of Preparation
The following points are to be noted, while preparing the above account:
-
Surplus or deficit of a fixed period of time is ascertained through this account. So, it's heading will be:
Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended as on ............. -
Income and Expenditure Account is a Nominal Account. Hence, only revenue (no capital) items will find place in it.
- All items of revenue income and expenditure relating to the current year will appear in it.
Format of Income and Expenditure Account
Income and Expenditure Account
For the year ending on……………………………
Expenditure | Dr.Amt | Income | Cr.Amt |
Revenue Payment: |
XXX | Revenue Receipt: By Profit on sale of assets |
|
XXX | XXX |
Distinguish between Receipt & Payment Account and Income & Expenditure Account
Basis | Receipt & Payment Account | Income & Expenditure Account |
Account | It is a real account. | It is a nominal account. |
Nature | It includes both revenue and capital item. | It includes only revenue items. |
Basis | It is prepared on cash basis. | It is prepared on accrual basis. |
Opening | It starts with opening balance and ends with closing balance of cash. | It has no opening and closing balance. |
Period | It includes the actual cash receipt. | It includes only the income and expenditure of current year. |
Adjustment | Adjustments are not considered. | Adjustments are considered,. |
Points to be considered while converting receipt & payment account into income & expenditure account:
- Exclude opening and closing balance of cash.
- Exclude capital items.
- Exclude amount of income and expenditure related to the current year.
- Provide Accrued income and expenditure related to the current year.
- Provide depreciation if given.
References:
Sharma, Narendra et.al., Principles of Accounting-XI, Bundipuran Prakashan, Kathmandu
Koirala, Yadav Raj et.al., Principles of Accounting-XI, Asmita Books Publication, Kathmandu
Shrestha, Dasharaha et.al., Accountancy-XI, M.K. Prakashan, Kathmandu
Lesson
Accounting for Non Profit Organizations
Subject
Principles of Accounting
Grade
Grade 11
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