The corruption of some countries is shown in the above table. The countries with figures above 5 have a low level of corruption. The corruption in those countries is not a serious matter. But the countries with the figures below 5 have high-level corruption. There is it a problem. They should fight corruption and try to abolish it. According to the above figures of 2010 AD, New Zealand has had least corruption. The country having most corruption was Haiti. In the context of Nepal, the corruption level is high. According to a national survey of 2004 AD, Nepal's first problem is corruption and the second problem is unemployment. Similarly, Denmark, Finland, and Singapore were other countries among the top- fives. Nepal was ranked in the 154th in the list. Its index remained 2.2 in both years. But its rank went down from 146th to 154th means corruption in Nepal is still going up, not falling down.

Causes of corruption:

There are several causes of corruption in Nepal. The important causes are as follows:

1. There is a lack of rule and law in Nepal.
2. There is not transparency in the work of government.
3. There is a lack of political stability.
4. There is alack of adequate public awareness.
5. There is a lack of accountability and responsibility.
6. Employees do not get adequate salaries to maintain their families.
7. There is a strong and powerful network of the corrupt people.
8. There is no appreciation for honesty and punishment for misdeeds.

Effects of corruption:

The effects of corruption are always bad and harmful. Some of them are as follows:

1. Ordinary people having little confidence in the administration.
2. People have to pay undue money for legal work.
3. Poor people do not get justice.
4. Economic and social progress stops.
5. Open bribery prevails.
6. Benefits of development do not reach the people for whom they are meant.
7. Dissatisfaction grows in people and sometimes they take part of struggle.
8. Laws are openly violated.

Solutions:

1. Good governance and political commitment: Good governance is an effective remedy for controlling corruption. At the same time those who are involved in corruption must be punished.
2. Avoidance of luxuries: The habit of using luxurious goods should not be formed. They are very expensive. This habit leads to corruption. Simple living and high thinking is the best life style. There is no need of corruption in such case.
3. Publicity and awareness: Press and electronic media should boldly publicize the activities of the corrupts. Awareness should be created among the common people not give anyone bribe.
4. Social boycott of the corrupt people: Everyone whether politician, official, businessman or anyone else if found corrupt should be socially boycotted.
5. Transparency: There should be transparency in the government and non- government offices and all the other organizations. They should show the sources of income and expenditure to the people.

Measures to control corruption:

• Good governance, accountability, transparency and effective rules and regulations.
• General awareness against corruption.
• Strict law, rulers and monitoring.
• Civil society, media have to work in case of corruption should be brought into public.
• Proven Corrupted officials, people should be socially boycotted.