Bad Customs of Our Society

A practice or rule of conduct established in a particular community, locality, or trade, by long usage and obligatory on those within its scope having bad effects on it is called bad customs. This note has information about some of the prevailing bad customs of Nepal.

Summary

A practice or rule of conduct established in a particular community, locality, or trade, by long usage and obligatory on those within its scope having bad effects on it is called bad customs. This note has information about some of the prevailing bad customs of Nepal.

Things to Remember

  • Traditionally behaving or doing something that is specific to society is known as custom.  There are also some bad customs in our society alike dowry tradition, girls trafficking, untouchability, deuki pratha, ghumto pratha, etc.
  • There are still bad customs due to the lack of education, unemployment, lack of opportunity to girls, continuity of old tradition and practice etc.
  • Solutions to prevent bad customs are education should be provided, the strict law should be made to give an opportunity to girls, awareness program should be held, etc.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

Explain in short about revolving/ imprest fund release.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Imprest/ Revolving fund release is the modern system of budget release newly introduced by the government. According to this system, at the beginning of each fiscal year, the office of the treasury and comptroller creates a fund to release the budget for all operating level offices. Each operating level offices receives an amount equal to the 1/6<sup>th</sup>of its last year's total budget expenditure at the beginning of each fiscal year as revolving or imprest fund release to spend on different heads of expenditure during the month of Shrawan.</p> <p>The following journal voucher is passed for imprest fund release: <br>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank<br>Cr. Revolving/ Imprest Fund Release <br>(Being initial revolving fund received)</p>

Q2:

Expalin in short about budget release and the three conditions of budget release.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Under present revised budget release system, each operating level office receives budget release order equals to the actual expenditure of the previous month. Hence, the budget release is based on the imprest system. For getting the budget release order, the operating level office should produce the necessary documents to District Treasury Control Office within the first week of each month. The following are the three conditions of budget release:</p> <ol><li><strong>When the amount of budget release order and bank order is equal<br></strong>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank<br>Cr. Budget Release<br>(Being budget release order and bank order received)<br><br></li> <li><strong>When the amount of budget release order is less than the bank order<br></strong>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank<br>Cr. Revolving/ Imprest Fund<br>Cr. Budget Release<br>(Being budget release order and bank order received)<br><br></li> <li><strong>When the amount of budget release order is more than the bank order<br></strong>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank<br>Dr. Revolving/ Imprest Fund<br>Cr. Budget Release<br>(Being budget release order and bank order received)</li> </ol>

Q3:

Explain in short about petty cash fund.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Petty cash fund is created in government offices for making the payment of a small amount of expenditures. Such small amount of expenditures like postage, tea, newspapers, bus fare etc. should be paid frequently by an office. It is impracticable and inconvenient to pay such small amount of expenditures through a bank. So, to pay for such expenses, the government office establishes a fund, which is known as petty cash fund. The amount of petty cash fund depends upon the nature and volume of petty transactions.</p> <p>The following journal voucher is prepared at the time of establishment of petty cash fund and at the time of it reimbursement:</p> <ol><li><strong>When petty cash fund is established:<br></strong>Dr. Petty Cash Fund<br>Cr. Nepal Rastra Bank <br>(Being petty cash fund established)</li> <li><strong>When petty cash fund is reimbursed:<br></strong>Dr. BE (Head)<br>Dr. BE (Head)<br>Cr. Nepal Rastra Bank<br>(Being petty cash fund reimbursed)</li> </ol>

Q4:

What is budget transfer?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Budget transfer is the act of transferring an amount from one budget head to another.</p>

Q5:

What are miscellaneous transactions?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>The transactions other than budget expenditure and advance given and cleared are called miscellaneous transactions.</p>

Q6:

On 2063/ 04/04 received bank order of Rs.5,00,000 as a revolving fund. (SLC 2065)


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p></p> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="213"></td> <td width="310"> <p>Government of Nepal</p> <p>.......... Office/Dept/Ministry</p> <p>Journal Voucher</p> </td> <td width="115"> <p>AGF No. 10</p> <p>JV No.</p> <p>Date: 04/04</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="accounts"> <table><tbody><tr class="bordered"><td width="73"> <p>Code No.</p> </td> <td width="288"> <p>Particulars</p> </td> <td width="42"> <p>LF</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>BH No.</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>Debit Rs.</p> </td> <td width="91"> <p>Credit Rs.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"> <p>5,00,000</p> </td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Cr. Revolving fund released</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"> <p>5,00,000</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>(Being bank order received as a revolving fund.)</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"></td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"></td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="169"> <p>Receipt No:</p> <p>Amount received: Five lakh only.</p> <p>Submitted by: Mr. ABC</p> <p>Post: Accountant</p> <p>Date: 04/04</p> </td> <td width="204"></td> <td width="265"> <p>Cheque No:</p> <p>Cheque amount:</p> <p>Approved by: Mr. XYZ</p> <p>Post: Office head</p> <p>Date: 04/04</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q7:

On 2063/ 04/20 established a petty cash fund of Rs.500. (SLC 2065)


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="213"></td> <td width="310"> <p>Government of Nepal</p> <p>District Education Office, Palpa</p> <p>Journal Voucher</p> </td> <td width="115"> <p>AGF No. 10</p> <p>JV No.</p> <p>Date: 04/20</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="accounts"> <table><tbody><tr class="bordered"><td width="73"> <p>Code No.</p> </td> <td width="288"> <p>Particulars</p> </td> <td width="42"> <p>LF</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>BH No.</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>Debit Rs.</p> </td> <td width="91"> <p>Credit Rs.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Dr. Petty Cash Fund</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"> <p>500</p> </td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Cr. Nepal Rastra Bank</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"> <p>500</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>(Being petty cash fund established.)</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="169"> <p>Receipt No:</p> <p>Amount received:</p> <p>Submitted by: Mr. ABC</p> <p>Post: Accountant</p> <p>Date: 04/20</p> </td> <td width="204"></td> <td width="265"> <p>Cheque No:</p> <p>Cheque amount: Five hundred only.</p> <p>Approved by: Mr. XYZ</p> <p>Post: Office head</p> <p>Date: 04/20</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q8:

On 2066/04/11 Rs.8,00,000 was received as revolving fund through Nepal Rastra Bank transfer. (SLC 2066)


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="213"></td> <td width="310"> <p>Government of Nepal</p> <p>District Education Office, Kathmandu</p> <p>Journal Voucher</p> </td> <td width="115"> <p>AGF No. 10</p> <p>JV No.</p> <p>Date: 04/11</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="accounts"> <table><tbody><tr class="bordered"><td width="73"> <p>Code No.</p> </td> <td width="288"> <p>Particulars</p> </td> <td width="42"> <p>LF</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>BH No.</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>Debit Rs.</p> </td> <td width="91"> <p>Credit Rs.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"> <p>8,00,000</p> </td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Cr. Revolving Fund</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"> <p>8,00,000</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>(Being bank order received as as revolving fund through Nepal Rastra Bank transfer.)</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"></td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"></td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="169"> <p>Receipt No:</p> <p>Amount received:</p> <p>Submitted by: Mr. ABC</p> <p>Post: Accountant</p> <p>Date: 04/11</p> </td> <td width="204"></td> <td width="265"> <p>Cheque No:</p> <p>Cheque amount: Eight lakh only.</p> <p>Approved by: Mr. XYZ</p> <p>Post: Office head</p> <p>Date: 04/11</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q9:

On 2067/05/12 received bank order letter of Rs. 10,00,000/- as revolving fund release. (SLC 2067)


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p></p> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="213"></td> <td width="310"> <p>Government of Nepal</p> <p>.......... Office/Dept/Ministry</p> <p>Journal Voucher</p> </td> <td width="115"> <p>AGF No. 10</p> <p>JV No.</p> <p>Date: 05/12</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="accounts"> <table><tbody><tr class="bordered"><td width="73"> <p>Code No.</p> </td> <td width="287"> <p>Particulars</p> </td> <td width="42"> <p>LF</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>BH No.</p> </td> <td width="74"> <p>Debit Rs.</p> </td> <td width="91"> <p>Credit Rs.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="287"> <p>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="74"> <p>10,00,000</p> </td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="287"> <p>Cr. Revolving fund release</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="74"></td> <td width="91"> <p>10,00,000</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="287"> <p>(Being bank order received as revolving fund release.)</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="74"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="169"> <p>Receipt No:</p> <p>Amount received:</p> <p>Submitted by: Mr. ABC</p> <p>Post: Accountant</p> <p>Date: 05/12</p> </td> <td width="204"></td> <td width="265"> <p>Cheque No:</p> <p>Cheque amount: Ten lakh only.</p> <p>Approved by: Mr. XYZ</p> <p>Post: Office head</p> <p>Date: 05/12</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q10:

On 2067/04/05 received bank order of Rs. 9,00,000 as revolving fund release. (SLC 2068)


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="213"></td> <td width="310"> <p>Government of Nepal</p> <p>District Education Office, Dolpa</p> <p>Journal Voucher</p> </td> <td width="115"> <p>AGF No. 10</p> <p>JV No.</p> <p>Date: 04/05</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="accounts"> <table><tbody><tr class="bordered"><td width="73"> <p>Code No.</p> </td> <td width="288"> <p>Particulars</p> </td> <td width="42"> <p>LF</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>BH No.</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>Debit Rs.</p> </td> <td width="91"> <p>Credit Rs.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"> <p>9,00,000</p> </td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>Cr. Revolving fund release</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"> <p>9,00,000</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"> <p>(Being bank order received as revolving release)</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"></td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="288"></td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="169"> <p>Receipt No:</p> <p>Amount received:</p> <p>Submitted by: Mr. ABC</p> <p>Post: Accountant</p> <p>Date: 04/05</p> </td> <td width="204"></td> <td width="265"> <p>Cheque No:</p> <p>Cheque amount: Nine lakh only.</p> <p>Approved by: Mr. XYZ</p> <p>Post: Office head</p> <p>Date: 04/05</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q11:

On 2069/04/04 Rs. 10,00,000 was received as revolving fund through RB Bank transfer. (SLC 2069)


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="213"></td> <td width="310"> <p>Government of Nepal</p> <p>.......... Office/Dept/Ministry</p> <p>Journal Voucher</p> </td> <td width="115"> <p>AGF No. 10</p> <p>JV No.</p> <p>Date: 04/04</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="accounts"> <table><tbody><tr class="bordered"><td width="73"> <p>Code No.</p> </td> <td width="287"> <p>Particulars</p> </td> <td width="42"> <p>LF</p> </td> <td width="72"> <p>BH No.</p> </td> <td width="74"> <p>Debit Rs.</p> </td> <td width="91"> <p>Credit Rs.</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="287"> <p>Dr. Nepal Rastra Bank</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="74"> <p>10,00,000</p> </td> <td width="91"></td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="287"> <p>Cr. Revolving fund release</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="74"></td> <td width="91"> <p>10,00,000</p> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"></td> <td width="287"> <p>(Being bank order received as revolving fund through RB Bank transfer.)</p> </td> <td width="42"></td> <td width="72"></td> <td width="74"></td> <td width="91"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="account_meta"><tbody><tr><td width="169"> <p>Receipt No:</p> <p>Amount received:</p> <p>Submitted by: Mr. ABC</p> <p>Post: Accountant</p> <p>Date: 04/04</p> </td> <td width="204"></td> <td width="265"> <p>Cheque No:</p> <p>Cheque amount: Ten lakhs only.</p> <p>Approved by: Mr. XYZ</p> <p>Post: Office head</p> <p>Date: 04/04</p> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

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Bad Customs of Our Society

Bad Customs of Our Society

A traditional way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a society, place or time is known as custom. There are many good customs in our society like respecting elders, participating in each others festival etc. At the same time, there are many bad customs practiced in our society in the name of tradition. Such bad customs hamper the development of the society. Let us discuss some of the bad customs presence in our society.

Dowry tradition:

What is dowry tradition?

The property or money brought by a bride to her husband home on her marriage is called dowry.

Impact of dowry tradition:

Physical and mental torture is given by the husband and his parents to a woman for not bringing sufficient dowry. Many married couples are splitting due to not fulfilling the demand of husband and their family. Sometimes, the husband, mother-in-law and other family members try to kill the woman. Polygamy has increased due to this system. It is creating lots of conflicts and tension in the family. This bad custom is widely practiced in the terai region and is slowly spreading to other parts of our country as well. All the conscious people of the society should work together to abolish this bad practice.

Solutions:

i) The strict law should be made to punish those who take dowry.
ii) The social boycott should be done to those who marry by taking dowry.
iii)The government should discourage this.
iv) Mass awareness programs should be organized to sensitize the people.

Untouchability:

What is untouchability?

Discriminating people on the basis of their caste is called untouchability. Untouchability has been practiced in our society since ancient times. Though it was declared illegal by the new Muluki Ain of 2020 of 2020 BS, it still exists as a stain in our society. It is the remainder of the feudal culture of our society. In some place, especially in the village, the so-called high-class people prohibit low-class people from entering their houses or using public property like water, tap, temple etc.

Impacts of untouchability: The schedule castes are dominated in the society which creates inequality in the society. Sometimes, people revolt against such inequality. Such discrimination hinders social development and nation building. It divides the members of the society and conflict takes place

Solutions:

i) Mass awareness programs should be organized throughout the country to aware the people, especially in rural areas.
ii) The laws regarding untouchability should be implemented effectively.
iii) Reservation in civil service, police, army and other sectors should be made to schedule castes.
iv) Skill training or employment opportunities should be given to them to uplift their economic condition.
v) We all should work together to abolish this bad social evil.

Deuki Pratha:

What is Deuki Pratha?

There is a tradition of offering a girl child to the temple in the hill region of the far western development region. This custom is known as Deuki pratha. The parents offer their own child to the temple. Sometimes, the rich people buy a daughter of a poor family and offer her in the temple. There is a belief that these girls should not marry throughout their life.

The impact of Deuki Pratha: Such girls cannot exercise any of their rights. They cannot get an education and remain illiterate. They remain unmarried throughout their life.

Jhuma Pratha:

What is Jhuma Pratha?

There is a tradition of offering the second daughter to the monastery in the Himalayan region of Nepal. Such girls have to spend her whole life in cleaning and taking care of her Gumba. Like Deuki Pratha, she also cannot exercise any of her rights. She cannot marry as well. So this custom should be abolished. Besides these, there are many other bad customs in various communities of our society. All such bad customs should be abolished. Education and awareness play an important role to end such evils. Proper laws should be passed on to stop such bad activities.

Ghumto Pratha:

What is Ghumto Pratha?

There is a custom of covering the face by the married woman so that men cannot see her face. This custom is called the Ghumto Pratha. it is practiced in the terai region. It is the symbol of gender inequality.

Lesson

Social Problems And Solutions

Subject

Social Studies

Grade

Grade 10

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