Anomalous Expansion of Water

When water is heated from 0 degree Celsius to 4 degree Celsius, its volume decreases and increases only after 4 degree Celsius. This unusual behavior of water from 0 degree Celsius to 4 degree Celsius is known as anomalous expansion of water. This note has detail explanation of anomalous behavior of water when it is heated to 4 degree centigrade.

Summary

Things to Remember

The volume of substances increases on heating and decreases in cooling. But when water is heated from 0 degree Celsius to 4 degree Celsius, its volume decreases and increases only after 4 degree Celsius. This unusual behavior of water from 0 degree Celsius to 4 degree Celsius is known as anomalous expansion of water.
When the temperature of surrounding reaches up to 4 degree Celsius, the upper surface of the pond will have maximum density and so it sinks to the bottom of the pond.
In cold countries, water pipes expand. Since, there is no space for expansion, water exerts large force on the wall of pipe and it bursts.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

The following transactions are extracted from the books of a trader:

Started business with cash Rs.60,000.
Cash deposited in the bank Rs.50,000.
Goods purchased from Ramesh for Rs.10,000 and paid by cheque Rs.3,000 in part.
Cash sales made Rs.800.
Paid for salary Rs.4,000 and for rent Rs.2,000 by cheque.
Received commission of Rs.2,500.

Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer

Answer: Journal entries <table><tbody><tr><td width="66"> Date </td> <td width="336"> Particulars </td> <td width="48"> LF </td> <td width="90"> Debit Rs. </td> <td width="85"> Credit Rs. </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> a). </td> <td width="336"> Cash a/c ……………………………Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 60,000 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To capital a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 60,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being business started with cash.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> b). </td> <td width="336"> Bank a/c …………………Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 50,000 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To cash a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 50,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being cash deposited into bank.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> c). </td> <td width="336"> Purchase a/c ……………….Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 10,000 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To Bank a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 3,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To Ramesh’s a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 7,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being goods purchased from Ramesh and paid through cheque.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> d). </td> <td width="336"> Cash a/c………………………..Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 800 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To sales a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 800 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being cash sales made.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> e). </td> <td width="336"> Salary a/c ………………………Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 4,000 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> Rent a/c…………………………Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 2,000 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To cash a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 6,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> Being paid for salary and rent by cheque.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> f). </td> <td width="336"> Cash a/c…………………………..Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 2,500 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To commission received a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 2,500 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being commission received.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q2:

The following transactions are extracted from the books of Mr. Prithivi Poudel:

Purchased office furniture for Rs.7,000 from Fine Furniture Centre and paid by cheque Rs.2,000 in part.
Cash received from Mr. Jatan Joshi Rs.2,300 and allowed discount to him Rs.200.
Cash purchases made Rs.700.
Received rent through cheque Rs.2,500.
Paid for interest Rs.600.

Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer

Answer: Journal entries <table><tbody><tr><td width="66"> Date </td> <td width="336"> Particulars </td> <td width="48"> LF </td> <td width="90"> Debit Rs. </td> <td width="85"> Credit Rs. </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> a). </td> <td width="336"> Furniture a/c ……………………….Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 7,000 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To Bank a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 2,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To Fine Furniture a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 5,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being office furniture purchased through cheque and paid in part.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> b). </td> <td width="336"> Cash a/c ……………………..Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 2,300 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> Discount a/c…………………..Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 200 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To Mr. Jatan Joshi’s a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 2,500 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being cash received from Mr. Jatan Joshi and allowed discount.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> c). </td> <td width="336"> Purchase a/c……………..Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 700 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To cash a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 700 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being cash purchases made.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> d). </td> <td width="336"> Bank a/c …………………….Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 2,500 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To rent received a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 2,500 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being rent received through cheque.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"> e). </td> <td width="336"> Interest a/c………………………Dr. </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"> 600 </td> <td width="85"></td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> To cash a/c </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"> 600 </td> </tr><tr><td width="66"></td> <td width="336"> (Being paid for interest.) </td> <td width="48"></td> <td width="90"></td> <td width="85"></td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q3:

The following are the transactions of Mr. Amar:

January 1	Amar started business with cash of Rs.55,000.
January 2	He brought a computer costing Rs.25,000 as an additional capital into his business.
January 6	He withdrew cash from the business for his personal use Rs.2,000.
January 7	He withdrew goods from the business for his domestic purpose Rs.500.

Required: Journal entries in the books of Mr. Amar.

Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer

Answer: Journal Entries <table><tbody><tr><td width="73"> Date </td> <td width="324"> Particulars </td> <td width="24"> LF </td> <td width="102"> Debit Amount (Rs.) </td> <td width="108"> Credit Amount (Rs.) </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> January 1 </td> <td width="324"> Cash a/c…………………..Dr. </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> 55,000 </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> To capital a/c </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> 55,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> (Being Amar started business with cash.) </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> January 2 </td> <td width="324"> Computer a/c……………………Dr. </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> 25,000 </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> To capital a/c </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> 25,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> (Being computer brought into business as an additional capital.) </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> January 6 </td> <td width="324"> Drawing a/c…………………Dr. </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> 2,000 </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> To cash a/c </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> 2,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> (Being cash withdrawn from business for personal use.) </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> January 7 </td> <td width="324"> Drawing a/c………………………..Dr. </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> 500 </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> To Purchase a/c </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> 500 </td> </tr><tr><td width="73"> </td> <td width="324"> (Being goods withdrawn from business for personal use.) </td> <td width="24"> </td> <td width="102"> </td> <td width="108"> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q4:

Akbar is running a book shop at Asan, Kathmandu. His transactions relating to purchases and sales during the month of Srawan are as follows:

Srawan 1	Books purchased for cash Rs.4,000.
Srawan 12	Books sold for Rs.3,000.
Srawan 25	Books sold to Birbal for Rs.10,000.
Srawan 30	Books purchased from Anthony for Rs.20,000.

Required: Journal entries in the books of Akbar.

Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer

Answer: Journal Entries <table><tbody><tr><td width="79"> Date </td> <td width="312"> Particulars </td> <td width="18"> LF </td> <td width="114"> Debit Amount (Rs.) </td> <td width="115"> Credit Amount (Rs.) </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> Srawan 1 </td> <td width="312"> Purchase a/c……………………Dr. </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> 4,000 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> To cash a/c </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> 4,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> (Being books purchased for cash.) </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> Srawan 12 </td> <td width="312"> Cash a/c………………….Dr. </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> 3,000 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> To sales a/c </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> 3,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> (Being books sold for cash.) </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> Srawan 25 </td> <td width="312"> Birbal’s a/c……………….Dr. </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> 10,000 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> To sales a/c </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> 10,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> (Being books sold to Birbal.) </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> Srawan 30 </td> <td width="312"> Purchase a/c…………………….Dr. </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> 20,000 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> To Anthony’s a/c </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> 20,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="79"> </td> <td width="312"> (Being books purchased from Anthony.) </td> <td width="18"> </td> <td width="114"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q5:

Namaskar Trading Center performed the following during a week:

Goods purchased from Hello Trading Center for Rs.15,000.
Goods sold to Bye Bye trading Center for Rs.6,000.
Goods returned to Hello Trading Center for Rs.500.
Goods returned by Bye Bye Trading Center for Rs.300.

Required: Journal entries in the books of Namaskar Trading Center.

Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer

Answer: Journal Entries <table><tbody><tr><td width="42"> Date </td> <td width="336"> Particulars </td> <td width="27"> LF </td> <td width="93"> Debit Amount (Rs.) </td> <td width="93"> Credit Amount (Rs.) </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> a). </td> <td width="336"> Purchase a/c……………..Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> 15,000 </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> To Hello Trading Center’s a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> 15,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> (Being goods purchased from Hello Trading Center.) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> b). </td> <td width="336"> Bye Bye trading Center’s a/c……….Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> 6,000 </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> To sales a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> 6,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> (Being goods sold to Bye Bye trading Center.) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> c). </td> <td width="336"> Hello Trading Center’s a/c……………Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> 500 </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> To purchase return a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> 500 </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> (Being goods returned to Hello Trading Center.) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> d). </td> <td width="336"> Sales return a/c……………Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> 300 </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> To Bye Bye Trading Center’s a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> 300 </td> </tr><tr><td width="42"> </td> <td width="336"> (Being goods returned by Bye Bye Trading Center.) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> <td width="93"> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q6:

Brilliant Book Center furnishes the following information:

Commission of Rs.700 received from Sujata.
Paid salary of Rs.3,500.
Paid telephone charges by cheque of Rs.1,200.
Rent received from Active Man through cheque Rs.8,000.

Required: Journal entries in the books of Brilliant Book Center.

Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer

Answer: Journal Entries <table><tbody><tr><td width="36"> Date </td> <td width="304"> Particulars </td> <td width="27"> LF </td> <td width="119"> Debit Amount (Rs.) </td> <td width="115"> Credit Amount (Rs.) </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> a). </td> <td width="304"> Cash a/c……………..Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> 700 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> To commission received a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> 700 </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> (Being commission received from Sujata.) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> b). </td> <td width="304"> Salary a/c……………………Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> 3,500 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> To cash a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> 3,500 </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> (Being salary paid.) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> c). </td> <td width="304"> Telephone charges a/c………………..Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> 1,200 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> To bank a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> 1,200 </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> (Being telephone charges paid by cheque.) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> d). </td> <td width="304"> Bank a/c……………….Dr. </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> 8,000 </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> To rent received a/c </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> 8,000 </td> </tr><tr><td width="36"> </td> <td width="304"> (Being received from Active Man) </td> <td width="27"> </td> <td width="119"> </td> <td width="115"> </td> </tr></tbody></table>

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Anomalous Expansion of Water

Generally, the volume of substances increases on heating and decreases in cooling. But when water is heated from 0 degree Celsius to 4 degree Celsius, its volume decreases and increases only after 4 degree Celsius. This unusual behavior of water from 0 degree Celsius to 4 degree Celsius is known as anomalous expansion of water.

As density is inversely proportional to volume, so, density of water increases from 0 degree Celsius to 4 degree Celsius.

At 4 degree Celsius, water has minimum volume and maximum density.

The graphical representation of volume and density of water with temperature is given below:

Application of anomalous expansion of water:

In cold countries, when temperature falls below 0 degree Celsius, aquatic life can survive due to anomalous expansion of water.

When the temperature of surrounding reaches up to 4 degree Celsius, the upper surface of the pond will have maximum density and so it sinks to the bottom of the pond. When temperature falls to 3 degree Celsius, it expands and its volume increases but density decreases than that of 4 degree Celsius. So, water at 3 degree Celsius lies above the water at 4 degree Celsius. This process continues until water temperature reaches to 0 degree Celsius. The ice has less density than water. So, it floats on upper surface of the pond as ice is bad conductor of heat, it does not allow heat to escape out of the pond. Hence, aquatic life can survive when temperature falls below 0 degree Celsius,

As we know, water has minimum volume of 4 degree Celsius. So, due to anomalous expansion of water, whether it is heated or cooled, and its volume increases and so it overflows from the beaker.

In refrigerator when temperature falls below 4 degree Celsius to 0 degree Celsius, due to anomalous expansion of water, water in the bottle expands. Since there is no space for expansion of water filled in the bottle, it exerts larger force in the walls of bottle and it bursts.

Bottles of soft drink are kept in refrigerator for cooling water, temperature of refrigerator falls below from 4 degree Celsius to 0 degree Celsius, water in the bottle of soft drink expands due to anomalous expansion of water, and that empty space is filled with water which prevent the bottle from bursting.

In cold countries, water pipes expand. Since, there is no space for expansion, water exerts large force on the wall of pipe and it bursts.

Lesson

Heat

Subject

Science

Grade

Grade 10

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