Ammonia
Ammonia is a colourless gas with the pungent smell, brings tear to our eyes and is highly soluble in water. This is a note on Ammonia for SLC/Class 10 students. In this Note you will learn about Ammonia along with its Laboratory preparation.
Summary
Ammonia is a colourless gas with the pungent smell, brings tear to our eyes and is highly soluble in water. This is a note on Ammonia for SLC/Class 10 students. In this Note you will learn about Ammonia along with its Laboratory preparation.
Things to Remember
- When a finely crushed mixture of dry solid ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide are heated in the ratio 2:1, they react with each other to give ammonia gas.
- The physical properties of ammonia are colourless gas, highly soluble in water, lighter than air, liquefies at -33.4oC and solidifies at -78oC.
- Ammonia dissolves in water to give solution called ammonium hydroxide or ammonia solution. NH3 + H2O → NH4OH
- Ammonia reacts with acids to produce white fume of ammonium salts. NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
- Ammonia decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen when an electric spark is passed through it.
- Ammonia is used to manufacture of chemical fertilizers, develop a blueprint of maps, manufacture of washing soda, etc.
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a lot of/ through/ learn/ travel/ can/ you
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in/ office/ a government/ worked/ she
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beautiful/ sleep/ in/ so/ looks/ her/ she
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places/ interest/ of/ visited/ we/ many
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very/ to do/ a/ asked/ the teacher/ thing/ simple/ me
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wouldn't think/ If/ for another second/ it/ about/ I/ I were you
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one of/ of animals/is/ the endangered species/ the panda
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but/ nothing/ had been fishing/ he caught/ all day he
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in/ had been/ old man/ wrong/ the/ his/ expectation
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Ammonia
Molecular formula: NH3
Laboratory preparation
Principle: When finely crushed mixture of dry solid ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide are heated in the ratio 2:1, they react with each other to give ammonia gas.
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2→CaCl2+ 2H2O + 2NH3
Precautions
- The apparatus must be made airtight.
- The hard glass test tube should be fixed in inclined position towards its mouth in order to prevent crack in it.
- Heat should be provided uniformly.
- The gas jar should be dried.
Test of ammonia
- A moist red litmus paper when inserted into the jar containing the gas, it turns into blue.
- It forms white fume of NH4Cl when a glass rod dipped in HCl is taken by this gas.
- It can be identified by its pungent smell.
Properties of ammonia
Physical Properties
- It is a colorless gas with pungent smell. It brings tear to our eyes.
- It is highly soluble in water.
- It is lighter than air. So, it is collected by downward displacement of air.
- It liquifies at -33.4°C and solidifies at -78°C.
- It is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion.
- It is basic in nature as it turns red litmus into blue.
Chemical properties
- Ammonia dissolves in water to give solution called ammonium hydroxide or ammonia solution NH3 + H2O → NH4OH
- Ammonia reacts with acids to produce white fume of ammonium salts. NH3+ HCl → NH4Cl
- Ammonia decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen when a electric spark is passed through it.2NH3→ N2+ 3H2
Uses of ammonia
- Ammonia is used in the manufacture of chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, urea, etc.
- It is used as cleansing agent for removing oil and grease.
- It is used for developingblueprint of maps.
- It is used in the manufacture of washing soda.
- Its solution is used as a laboratory reagent.
- Liquid ammonia is a very good refrigerant and is used in factories, cold storage, etc.
Word Meanings
- inclined: sloping; at an angle
- airtight: not allowing air to get in or out
- spark: a small flash of light produced by an electric current
- fume: smoke, gas, or something similar that smells strongly or is dangerous to breathe in
- grease: any thick oily substance, especially one that is used to make machines run smoothly
- refrigerant: a substance, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle. In most cycles it undergoes phase transitions from a liquid to a gas and back again
- combustion: the process of burning
- synthesize: to produce a substance by means of chemical or biological processes
Lesson
Some Gases
Subject
Science
Grade
Grade 10
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