Soap and Detergent
Soap is prepared by boiling animal fats or vegetables oil with sodium hydroxide . The fats or oils react with alkali or sodium hydroxide to form soap and glycerol.Glycerol is the trihydric alcohol. This note contains brief introduction on soap and detergent along with their formation and uses.
Summary
Soap is prepared by boiling animal fats or vegetables oil with sodium hydroxide . The fats or oils react with alkali or sodium hydroxide to form soap and glycerol.Glycerol is the trihydric alcohol. This note contains brief introduction on soap and detergent along with their formation and uses.
Things to Remember
- Soap is the sodium salt of long chain fatty acids that has cleansing property in water.
- Soap is prepared by boiling animal fats or vegetables oil with sodium hydroxide . The fats or oils react with alkali or sodium hydroxide to form soap and glycerol.Glycerol is the trihydric alcohol.
- Fat or Oil + Sodium hydroxide → Soap + Glycerol
- It is not suitable for washing in hard water. For example: Sodium sterate.
- Detergents are the sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acid or long chain alkyl benzene sulphate which has more cleansing property in water.
- Detergents are suitable for washing in hard water. For example: Sodium lauryl sulphate
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Soap and Detergent
Soap is the sodium salt of long chain fatty acids that has cleansing property in water.
Saponification:
The process by which soap is prepared by the reaction of animal or plant fat with sodium hydroxide solution is saponification.
Process of formation of soap
Soap is prepared by boiling animal fats or vegetables oil with sodium hydroxide . The fats or oils react with alkali or sodium hydroxide to form soap and glycerol.Glycerol is the trihydric alcohol.
Fat or Oil + Sodium hydroxide→ Soap + Glycerol
Detergents:
Detergents are the sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acid or long chain alkyl benzene sulphate which has more cleansing property in water.
Advantages of detergents over soap:
- They can be used even in hard water.
- They give stronger cleansing property than soap.
- They are more soluble in water than soap.
Advantages of soap over detergents:
- Soap is biodegradable.
- They do not pollute water bodies like ponds, lakes, etc.
Differences between soap and detergent
| Soap | Detergent |
| They are sodium salts of higher fatty acids. | They are sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acid. |
| They have relatively weaker cleansing action | They have relatively strong cleansing action |
| It is biodegradable | It is non biodegradable |
| It is not suitable for washing in hard water.For example: Sodium sterate | It is suitable for washing in hard water. For example: Sodium lauryl sulphate |
Lesson
Materials Used In Daily Life
Subject
Science
Grade
Grade 10
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