Hydrocarbons

The compounds which are formed as a result of combination of hydrogen and carbon is called hydrocarbon. This note has brief description about hydrocarbons, their types and how they are named.

Summary

The compounds which are formed as a result of combination of hydrogen and carbon is called hydrocarbon. This note has brief description about hydrocarbons, their types and how they are named.

Things to Remember

  • The compounds which are formed as a result of combination of hydrogen and carbon is called hydrocarbon.
  • Types of hydrocarbon: saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon
  • Those hydrocarbons in which a single covalent bond is present in between two carbon atoms (C-C) then they are called saturated hydrocarbons. Example: Methane (CH4 )
  • Those hydrocarbons which contain multiple covalent bond (i.e. double or triple bond) in between two carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are of two types: Alkene and Alkyne

MCQs

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Subjective Questions

Q1:

Differentiate between journal and ledger.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p></p> <table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bases of differences</strong></td> <td><strong>Journal</strong></td> <td><strong>Ledger</strong></td> </tr><tr><td>Step</td> <td>Journal is the first step of the accounting cycle.</td> <td>Ledger is the second step of the accounting cycle.</td> </tr><tr><td>Meaning</td> <td>It is a primary book in which all the financial transactions are recorded in the same place.</td> <td>It is a primary book in which all the transactions are posted in a classified manner.</td> </tr><tr><td>Process</td> <td>The process of recording transactions in a journal is called journalizing.</td> <td>The process of transferring transactions from journal to the ledger is called posting.</td> </tr><tr><td>Basis</td> <td>It is the basis for preparing ledger.</td> <td>It is the basis for preparing trail balance.</td> </tr><tr><td>Information</td> <td>It provides detail information about the financial transactions.</td> <td>It provides summary information about the financial transaction</td> </tr><tr><td>ssNarration</td> <td>It requires narration.</td> <td>It does not require narration.</td> </tr><tr><td>Result</td> <td>It does not show the net result of the transactions performed.</td> <td>It shows the net result of the transaction performed.</td> </tr></tbody></table>

Q2:

What is a ledger?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>The ledger is the second step of accounting. It is the principal book of accounts. It contains all the accounts appeared in the journal or subsidiary books. It makes a classified record of all the transactions in summarized form. It is the final destination of all the accounts created in the primary books. It is the final source of all accounting information.The following are the main definitions of ledger:</p> <p>According to V. J. Vickery, "Ledger is a book of accounts which contains in a suitably classified form, the final and permanent record of trader"s transactions."</p> <p>According to W. Pickles, "A ledger is the most important book of accounts and is the final destination of the entries made in the subsidiary."</p> <p>From the given definition, we say that a ledger is a bound or register book which contain a large number of the account. it is the principal book of the account which make a final record of all the transaction in a classified manner.</p>

Q3:

What is a ledger account?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>A ledger account is a statement of information on a particular head. It is the summary records of all the transactions relating to a particular person or property or income or expenses.</p>

Q4:

What are the objectives of preparing a ledger account?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>The following are the main objectives of preparing a ledger account:</p> <ol><li>To make a permanent record of all the financial transactions in a classified manner.</li> <li>To supply detailed information on any account for a given period easily and immediately.</li> <li>To know the net effect of all the transactions on a particular account at a given point of time. The net effect is the difference between total debit and credit of the account concerned.</li> <li>To help to prepare trial balance in order to examine the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts.</li> <li>To serve as the principal account for obtaining all accounting information at least cost and time.</li> </ol>

Q5:

What is a ledger?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

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Answer: <p>A ledger is the first step of accounting, which makes a primary record of all the financial transactions.</p>

Q6:

State any two objectives of preparing a ledger account.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Any two objectives of preparing a ledger account are:</p> <ol><li>To make a permanent record of all the financial transactions in a classified manner.</li> <li>To supply detailed information on any account for a given period easily and immediately.</li> </ol>

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Ledger
Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons

The compounds which are formed as a result of combination of hydrogen and carbon is called hydrocarbon.

http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/SDgraphics/PSgraphics/HydroCarbon.GIF

Study of hydrocarbon is an important work as almost all organic compounds are made from hydrogen and carbon. Moreover, their study is done in a separate branch of chemistry called organic chemistry.

* IUPAC = International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Types of hydrocarbon

Mainly, hydrocarbons are of two types:

Saturated hydrocarbon

Those hydrocarbons in which a single covalent bond is present in between two carbon atoms (C-C) then they are called saturated hydrocarbons. Example: Methane (CH4)

Structure of CH4

Their common name is alkane and their general formula is CnH2n+2 (where "n" indicates the number of carbon atom.) According to the number of a carbon atom, we can use the following prefix in front of "ane" of the alkane.

C = 1, then "meth"

c = 2, then "eth"

c=3, then "prop"

c = 4, then "but"

c = 5, then "pent"

c = 6, then "hex"

c = 7, then "hept"

c = 8, then "oct"

c = 9, then "non"

c = 10, then "dec"

http://wiki.chemprime.chemeddl.org/images/f/f1/Chapter_8_page_8new.jpg

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

Those hydrocarbons which contain multiple covalent bonds (i.e. double or triple bond) in between two carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

So, they are two types:

  1. Alkene

    Those unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains at least one ' double' covalent bond in between carbon and carbon is known as thealkene.

    Example: C2H4

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/1517/ethene.png?size=bestfit&width=214&height=163&revision=1

    In alkene, the first derivative is "ethene". Their general formula is CnH2n. To unite their name, in the prefix of alkane, we add "ene" of the alkene.

    S.No. No. of carbon atoms Molecular Formula Condensed Formula Common of Alkenes IUPAC name
    1. n = 2 (eth) C2H4 CH2 = CH2 Ethylene Ethene
    2. n= 3 (prop) C3H6 CH3- CH = CH2 Propylene Propene
    3. n = 4 (but) C4H8 CH3-CH2-CH = CH2 Butylene Butene
  2. Alkyne

    Those unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain at least "triple" covalent bond between carbon and carbon atom is known as alkyne. In alkyne, the first derivative is ethyne. Their general formula is CnH2n-2. To write their name, in the prefix of alkane, we add " yne" of the alkyne.

    S.No No. of carbon atoms Molecular Formula Condensed Formula Common names of alkynes IUPAC names
    1 n = 2 (eth) C2H2 HC ≡CH Acetylene Ethyne
    2 n = 3 (prop) C3H4 CH3- C ≡CH Allelyne Propyne

Common system of nomenclature of hydrocarbons

The IPUAC name of any organic compound consists of two parts, root word and suffix. While naming, find the root word on the basis of number of carbon present in the hydrocarbon.

c = 1, then "meth"

c = 2, then "eth"

c=3, then "prop"

c = 4, then "but"

c = 5, then "pent"

c = 6, then "hex"

c = 7, then "hept"

c = 8, then "oct"

c = 9, then "non"

c = 10, then "dec"

After finding the root word, join the suffix ane (alkane), ene (alkene), yne (alkyne) to the root word.

Example: CH3 - CH = CH2

Number of carbon = 3 = Prop

Number of bonds between carbon - carbon atoms = 2 = ene

According to the rules, the names of hydrocarbon

Prop + ene = propene

Lesson

Hydrocarbon And Their Derivatives

Subject

Science

Grade

Grade 10

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