Phanerogams
Phanerogams bear flowers and fruits after their maturity. It is divided into gymnosperm and angiosperm. Angiosperm is further divided into monocotyledon and dicotyledon. This note has information on classification of phanerogams and also has short description on types of flowers and pollination.
Summary
Phanerogams bear flowers and fruits after their maturity. It is divided into gymnosperm and angiosperm. Angiosperm is further divided into monocotyledon and dicotyledon. This note has information on classification of phanerogams and also has short description on types of flowers and pollination.
Things to Remember
- Phanerogams bear flowers and fruits after their maturity. It is divided into gymnosperm and angiosperm. Angiosperm is further divided into monocotyledon and dicotyledon.
- Complete flower has all reproductive parts of plants are calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium but incomplete flower lack either gynoecium or androecium.
- The process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of a same or different flower is called pollination. Self and cross-pollination are its types.
- Gymnosperms are cone-bearing naked seeded plants which are unisexual and does cross-pollination. E.g. Pinus, Cycus
- Angiosperms are enclosed seeded plants which are both unisexual and bisexual which can do both cross and self-pollination .
- Monocotyledonous plants have only one cotyledon on their seed, parallel venation in leaves, and fibrous root. E.g. maize, rice, bamboo etc.
- Dicotyledonous plants have two cotyledons in their seed, reticulate venation in their leaves ,and tap root. E.g. mustard, pea etc.
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What qualities should an office assistant possess? Explain.
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Answer: <h4>Qualities or Traits of Office Assistant</h4> <ol><li><strong>Personal appearance:</strong> Personal appearance refers to the outlook of the assistant. The appearance of the assistance should be good- looking to others; Attractive appearance gives the deep impression to the visitors and customers. Hence, the office assistant should be neat and clean, wear a well-fitted dress and maintain good health to make his appearance attractive.</li> <li><strong>Cleanliness:</strong> Cleanliness helps the assistance to be healthy. It adds to the beauty of the office assistant. It helps makes to make the personal appearance attractive and impressive. It makes the assistant smart and active. Hence, the office assistant should take a regular bath, wear spotless dresses, cut nails, brush teeth and wear polished shoes to make him look neat and clean.</li> <li><strong>Makeup:</strong> Makeup is an act of decorating the appearance using cosmetics such as powder, lipstick, cream and tika which is very much important for an office assistant. Proper makeup makes the appearance of the assistant pleasing and impressive. However, over makeup should not be done, otherwise, it makes the assistant ugly.</li> <li><strong>Faithfulness:</strong> The office assistant should be faithful to the organization, superiors, and customers. Faithfulness is the quality of being honest, sincere, accurate, loyal and confidential. The office assistance should perform his assigned jobs with full enthusiasm and supply accurate and reliable information to the superiors and customers. He should maintain secrecy for confidential information, letters and files. He should not leak out his official secrecy even to his family members and friends.</li> <li><strong>Tactfulness:</strong> The office assistance should be tactful in handling people and jobs. Tact is the skill and ability to solve problems, handling people and doing official jobs in a proper manner even in a difficult situation and new environment. The tactful office assistant can cope up with the new environment, problems and people patiently. The office assistant should be tactful in using his experience, knowledge and ideas to solve problems and satisfy people.</li> <li><strong>Learning habit:</strong> The office assistant should have a keen interest in learning new things directly related with his work. The learning habit helps to develop his skill and efficiency. He should be able to cope with the changing environment through his continuous learning habit. The office assistant should have a habit of learning new things to adjust himself with the ever changing environment.</li> <li><strong>Politeness:</strong> Politeness costs nothing, but it pays many unbelievable things. He should be helpful and co- operative to the workers, juniors, seniors, visitors and customers. It helps to maintain and develop a good relationship with the people both inside and outside the organization. In every moment, the office assistant should be polite in handling telephone, visitors, customers and reporting performance.</li> </ol>
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Qualities or Traits of Office Assistant
Phanerogams
Those plants that bear flower and fruits after their maturity are called phanerogams. So mostly, they reproduce sexually.
Flower:
The reproductive part of the plant is called flower. It contains calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. There are two types of flower.
- Complete flowers (bisexual flowers / dioecious flowers):
Those flowers that have all four parts,calyx,corolla,androecium and gynoecium, are called complete flowers.
- Unisexual flowers or incomplete flowers or monoecious flower:
Those flowers, which contain only three parts of flower and lack one part, either androecium or gynoecium, are called incomplete flowers. They are also divided into two types:
- Staminate flower: Those flowers that lack gynoecium but contain calyx, corolla and stamen is called the staminate flower. They are also called the male flower.
- Pistillate flower: These flowers have calyx, corolla and gynoecium but lack androecium. They are also called the female flower.
Pollination:
The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a same or different flower is called pollination. There are two types of pollination:
- Self-pollination: The pollination (the process of transfer of pollen grains) that occurs in the same flower is called self-pollination. This type of pollination only occurs in the complete flower. No natural agents like air, water or insect is required for this process.
- Cross-pollination:
The pollination (the process of transfer of pollen grains) that occurs between two flowers is called cross-pollination. This occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flower. The external agents like a bee, air, other insects, water etc. are required.
Fertilization:
The process of fusion of male and female gamete to produce zygote is called fertilization.
General classification and characters of Phanerogams:
-
Gymnosperms:
- They contain naked seed. They do not bear true fruit.
- They contain cone instead of flower.
- The cones are mostly unisexual. Therefore, cross-pollination occurs in gymnosperms.
- Plants are shrubs or trees. Herbs are absent.
- They are terrestrial in habitat and are mostly found on dry land.
- E.g. Pinus, Cycus
-
Angiosperm:
- They contain seed enclosed in seed coat and contain true fruit.
- They contain both unisexual and bisexual flowers. Therefore, both cross-pollination and self-pollination are possible.
- It is the largest division of plants that contain wide diversity of plants.
Angiosperms are further divided into two sub-divisions:
- Monocotyledons:
- They contain only one cotyledon on their seed.
- They have parallel venation in their leaf.
- They have a fibrous root system.
- Their vascular bundle is scattered.
- E.g. maize, rice, bamboo etc.
- Dicotyledons:
- They contain two cotyledons on their leaf.
- They have reticulate venation in their leaf.
- They have tap root system.
- Their vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
- E.g. mustard, pea etc.
Lesson
Classification Of Living Being
Subject
Science
Grade
Grade 10
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