Effects of Unplanned Development Activities and Their Mitigating Measures

Urbanisation is a process of increasing the area of urban centres and proportion of people living in that area. This note has information about effects of unplanned development activities and their mitigating measures.

Summary

Urbanisation is a process of increasing the area of urban centres and proportion of people living in that area. This note has information about effects of unplanned development activities and their mitigating measures.

Things to Remember

  • Urbanisation is a process of increasing n the area of urban centres and proportion of people living in those areas.
  • In the planned urban area, facilities for drinking water, health service, transport, electricity, communication, employment are available.
  • The healthy settlement is one which is neat and clean.
  • The suitable measure to control the effects of unorganised urbanisation is simply the urbanisation after proper planning.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

What percentage of 312 is 117 ?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here , required percentage = \(\frac{117}{312} \times\) 100 % = 37.5 %</p>

Q2:

What percentage should be increased to 16 to make 20 ?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here , growth = 20 - 16 = 4<br>Growth% = \(\frac{growth}{original value}\) \(\times\) 100% = \(\frac{4}{16}\) \(\times\) 100% = 25% Ans.</p>

Q3:

What percentage of 85 is equal to 10% of 170 ?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>x% of 85 = 10% of 170<br><br>or , 85 \(\times\) \(\frac{x}{100}\) = 170 \(\frac{10}{100}\) <br>or , 85x = 1700<br>x = \(\frac{1700}{85}\) = 20<br>or , 20% of 85 is equal to 10% of 170<br>\(\therefore\) The required percentage = 20% Ans.</p>

Q4:

Find the difference of \(\frac{3}{5}\) of 80 and 30% of 80.


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>80 \(\times\) \(\frac{3}{5}\) - 80 \(\times\) \(\frac{30}{100}\) = 48 - 24 = 24 Ans.</p>

Q5:

In a school , 40% of the students are girls and rest are boys. If  the number of boys is 600 , what is the total number of students ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Here , numbers of boys = 600<br>% of boys = 100% - 40% = 60%<br>Let , total numbers of student be x <br><br>Then , number of boys = x \(\times\) \(\frac{60}{100}\)<br>or , 600 = x \(\times\) \(\frac{60}{100}\)<br>or , 60000= 60x<br><br>\(\therefore\) x = \(\frac{60000}{60}\) = 1000Ans.</p>

Q6:

40% of the students of a school are girl and the rest 1200 are boys. How many students are there in total ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Her e , boys (%) = 100% - 40% = 60%<br>Number of boys = 1200<br>Let , total students number x = 1200<br>or , x \(\times\) \(\frac{60}{100}\) = 1200<br>or , x \(\times\) \(\frac{60}{10}\) = 1200<br>or , 6x = 120000<br>or , x = \(\frac{12000}{6}\) = 2000<br><br>Hence , the total number = 2000Ans.</p>

Q7:

In the annual function in Rastriya Secondary School of Jumla , 20% students were present and 240 were absent. Find the total number of students.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Total students number = x (suppose)<br>Students who were presented = x \(\times\) \(\frac{20}{100}\) = \(\frac{x}{5}\)<br>Number of absent students = x - \(\frac{x}{5}\) = \(\frac{4x}{5}\)<br><br>According to question , <br>\(\frac{4x}{5}\) = 240<br>or , 4x = 240 \(\times\) 5<br>\(\therefore\) x = \(\frac{240\times5}{4}\) = 60 \(\times\) 5 = 300<br><br>Hence , total number of students = 300 Ans.</p>

Q8:

If Ramesh earns Rs. 7500 and spends Rs. 5000 a month , what percent does he save ?


Type: Very_short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Amount of monthly saving = Rs. 7500 - Rs. 5000 = Rs. 2500<br><br>Saving% = \(\frac{2500}{7500}\) \(\times\) 100% = 33 \(\frac{1}{3}\)% Ans.</p>

Q9:

If the numbers 8 and 12 are increased by 25% and 33 \(\frac{1}{3}\)% respectively by what percent their average increase ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Average of the numbers 8 and 12 = \(\frac{8 + 12}{2}\) = 10<br><br>Here , the new number when 8 is increased by 25% = 8 + 8 \(\times\) \(\frac{25}{100}\) = 8 + 2 = 10<br><br>Again , another new number when 12 is increased by 33 \(\frac{1}{3}\)% <br>= 12 + 12 of 33 \(\frac{1}{3}\)% = 12 + 12 \(\times\) \(\frac{100}{3\times100}\)= 12 + 4 = 16<br><br>The average of new number 10 and 16 = \(\frac{10 + 16}{2}\)= 13<br><br>Now , the increment in the average = 13 - 10 = 3<br>Percent increment in the average = \(\frac{increment\;in\;average}{initial\;average}\) \(\times\) 100 = \(\frac{3}{10}\) \(\times\) 100 = 30%<br><br>Hence , increment in average = 30%Ans.</p>

Q10:

Manisha's income per month is Rs. 9600 . Is she spends 75% of her income per month , what os her annual saving ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Manisha's saving = 100% - 75% = 25% per month<br><br>Actual saviing = Rs. 9600 \(\times\) \(\frac{25}{100}\) = Rs. 2400 per month<br><br>\(\therefore\) Manisha's annual saving = Rs. 2400 \(\times\) 12 = Rs. 28 , 800 Ans,</p>

Q11:

Dhaniya spends 20% of her money and then Rs  . 500 and after that she spends 15% of the remaining oney , If she has left with Rs. 5015 at the end , how much money did she have in the beginning ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let , Dhaniya have Rs. x in the begining.<br>Initial expenditure of Dhaniya = Rs. Rs. x 33 \(\times\) \(\frac{20]{100}\) = Rs . \(\frac{x}{5}\)<br>Next expenditure of Dhaniya = Rs . 500<br>Now , remaining amount = Rs. x - RS. \(\frac{x}{5}\) - Rs. 500 = Rs. ( \(\frac{4x}{5}\)- 500 )<br>Again from the remaining amount , expenditure of Dhaniya<br>= Rs . ( \(\frac{4x}{5}\)- 500 ) \(\frac{15}{100}= Rs . ( \(\frac{4x}{5}\)- 500 ) \(\frac{3}{20}\)<br>= Rs . \(\frac{12x}{100}\) - 75<br><br>Amount left with her at the end <br>= Rs . ( \(\frac{4x}{5}\)- 500 ) - Rs . ( \(\frac{12x}{100}\)- 75 )<br>= Rs. ( \(\frac{4x}{5}\) - \(\frac{12x}{100}\) - 500 + 75 ) <br>= Rs. ( \(\frac{80x - 12x}{100}\) - 425 )<br>= Rs . ( \(\frac{68}{100}\) - 425 )<br><br>By questions<br>( \(\frac{68x}{100}\) - 425 ) = 5015<br>or , ( \(\frac{68x}{100}\) = 5015 + 425<br>or , \(\frac{68x}{100}\) = 5440<br>or , 68x = 5440 \(\times\) 100 <br><br>\(\therefore\) x = \(\frac{5440 \times 100}{68}\) = 8000<br><br>Hence , the amount of money belonging to Dhaniya in the beginning is Rs. 8000</p>

Q12:

Rambilash spent two third of his money and loast 25% of the remaining. At the end  , he had got Rs. 3000 , what was the amount he had lost ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let the total amount of money belonging to Rambilash = Rs. x<br>His expenditure = Rs. x \(\times\) \(\frac{2}{3}\) = Rs. \(\frac{2x}{3}\)<br>Now , remaining amount = Rs. (x - \(\frac{2x}{3}\) = Rs. \(\frac{x}{3}\)<br>Lost amount = Rs. \(\frac{x}{3}\) \(\times\) \(\frac{25}{100}\) <br>= Rs. \(\frac{x}{3}\) \(\times\) \(\frac{1}{4}\) <br>= Rs . \(\frac{x}{12}\)<br>Remaining amount at the end = ( \(\frac{x}{3}\) - \(\frac{x}{12}\) )<br> = Rs . \(\frac{4x - x}{12}\)<br> = Rs. \(\frac{3x}{12}\)<br> = Rs. \(\frac{x}{4}\)<br><br>By Question , <br>\(\frac{x}{4}\) = 3000<br>\(\therefore\) x = 12000<br>\(\therefore\) Lost amount = Rs . \(\frac{x}{12}\) <br> = Rs . \(\frac{12000}{12}\) = Rs . 1000 Ans.</p>

Q13:

A metal adhesive rod of 250 gm each consists of 150 gm Lead , 87.5 gm  , Tin and the rest Bismuth , what is the percent of Bismuth in it ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Weight of rod = 250 g<br>Weight of lead = 150 g<br>Weight of tin = 87 . 5 g<br>Weight of Bismuth = (250 - 1500 - 87.5)g = 12.5 g<br><br>Percentage of Bismuth = \(\frac{12.5g}{250g}\) \(\times\) 100% = 5% Ans.</p>

Q14:

What if the amount whose 75% is Rs. 3600 ? What is 20% of that ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let 75% of x rupees is Rs. 3600<br>or , x \(\times\) \(\frac{75}{100}\) = RS. 3600<br><br>\(\therefore\) x= \(\frac{3600 \times 100}{75}\) = Rs. 4800 Ans.<br><br>Again , 20% of Rs. 4800 = Rs. 4800 \(\times\) \(\frac{20}{100}\) = Rs.960 Ans.</p>

Q15:

On the occasion of International Antismoking Day , among the participants 29% are the smookers and the rest 8520 are nonsmokers . What is the numbers of smokers ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let the total numbers of participants = x<br>Number of smokers = 29%<br>The participants who don not smoke = 100% - 29% = 71%<br>The actual number of participants who do not smoke = 8520<br>By question , <br>or , 8520 = x \(\times\) \(\frac{71}{100}\)<br>or , 852000 = 71 x<br>or , x = \(\frac{852000}{71}\) = 12000<br><br>\(\therefore\) Total numbers of participants = 12000<br><br>Now , the numbers of smokers = 29% of 12000 = 12000 \(\times\) \(\frac{29}{100}\) = 3480. Ans.</p>

Q16:

A person spends 33% of his income on food , and 42% on the education of his children. If the amount spent on eductaionis Rs. 2432.75 , find the amount of money x.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let , his total income = x <br>The expenditure on food = 33% of x = x \(\times\) \(\frac{33}{100}\) = \(\frac{33x}{100}\)<br><br>Expenditure on education = 42% of x = x \(\times\) \(\frac{42}{100}\) = \(\frac{42x}{100}\)<br>By Question , <br>Expedinture on education = Rs. 2432.75<br>or , \(\frac{42x}{100}\) = 2432.75<br>or , 42x = 2432.75 \(\times\) 100<br>or . x = \(\frac{2432.75 \times 100}{42}\)<br>or , x = \(\frac{243275}{42}\)<br><br>Hence , expedenditure on food = \(\frac{33}{100}\)x = \(\frac{33}{100}\) \(\times\) \(\frac{243275}{42}\) = Rs.1911.45. Ans</p>

Q17:

If the donation given to high school by the district education office at the rate of 8% amounts to Rs. 1279897.50 , what will be the amount of the donation at the rate 7% only ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let the total budget for secondary school be 8% of x<br>Then , 7% of x = 1279897.50<br>or , x \(\times\) \(\frac{8}{100}\) = 1279897.50<br>or , 8x = \(\frac{12798750}{8}\) = Rs. 15998717.75<br><br>Now , 7% donation = Rs. 15998718.75 \(\times\) \(\frac{7}{100}\)<br> = Rs. 1119910.313 <br> = Rs. 1119910.31 (approx)<br></p>

Q18:

By what percent a consumer has nto reduce the consumption of the vegetable so as not to increase the expendi
Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let , the consumer use x kg of vegetable at the perice of Rs. 100<br>If the price is increased by 25% then consumer uses x kg of vegetbale at Rs.125<br>or , Consumer uses x kg of vegetable at Rs. 125<br>Consumer uses \(\frac{x}{125}\) kg of vegetbale at Re.1 <br><br>or , Consumer uses \(\frac{x}{125}\) \(\times\) 100 kg of vegetbale at Rs.100<br>\(\therefore\) Consumer can use \(\frac{4x}{5}\) kg of vegetbale at Rs. 100 <br><br>Here , <br>Reduction in consumption = x kg - \(\frac{4x}{5}\) kg = \(\frac{x}{5}\) kg<br>% of reduction = \(\frac{x/5 \times}{x}\) = 20%.</p>

Q19:

The total population of Kopawa VDC of Kapilvastu district was 20000. The male population increased by 10% and the female population decreased by 6% and the total population remained unchanged. Find the original number of male and female population.


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let , number of male population = x<br>\(\therefore\) Number of female = (20000 - x)<br>The increased male population = 10% of x = x \(\times\) \(\frac{10}{100}\) = \(\frac{x}{10}\)<br>The decreased female population = 6% of (20000-x)<br>= (20000-x) \(\times\) \(\frac{5}{100}\) = \(\frac{120000 - 6x}{100}\)<br><br>But the population remianed unchanged. <br><br>\(\therefore\) The increased male population = The decreased femlae population. <br>or , \(\frac{x}{10}\) = \(\frac{120000 - 6x}{10}\)<br>or , \(\frac{x}{1}\) = \(\frac{12000 - 6x}{10}\)<br>or , 10x + 6x = 120000<br>or , 16x = 120000<br>or , x = \(\frac{120000}{16}\) = 7500<br><br>\(\therefore\) The number of male population = 7500. <br>and the number of female population = 20000 - 7500 = 12500 Ans.</p>

Q20:

What percentage of 52  isequal  to 20% of 65% ?


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Let , x% of 52 = 20% of 65<br>or , 52 \(\times\) \(\frac{x}{100}\) = 65 \(\times\) \(\times\) \(\frac{20}{100}\)<br>or , 52x = 65 \(\times\) 20<br>or , x = \(\frac{65 \times 20}{52}\) = 25<br>Here , 25% of 52 is equal to 20% of 65<br><br>Hence , required percentage = 25% Ans.</p>

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Effects of Unplanned Development Activities and Their Mitigating Measures

Effects of Unplanned Development Activities and Their Mitigating Measures

People conduct various developmental activities from small to large ones. If man conducts development works with proper plans in an Eco-friendly way, such works have no such a challenging impact on the environment. However, such development works are without the plan and they are not environment-friendly, they will have negative impacts on existing environment. The effects of unplanned development on environment and their mitigating measures are as follows: -

Unplanned Urbanization

Urbanisation is a process of increasing in the area of urban centres and proportion of people living in that area. In this modern age, the process of urbanisation also grows along with the process of industrial development. The increase in population pressure causes the surrounding areas of town change in urban areas. Hence, urbanisation includes the urban area and the growth of population living there. Therefore, urbanisation not only denotes the growth of the area of towns but also the growth of population. In municipality and metropolitan city, there must be basic physical facilities like electricity, road, drinking water, communication, health and education.

The process of urbanisation needs proper planning. About half of the world's population is in theurban area. Migration from the rural area to urban area is increasing day by day. If there are unplanned building construction and settlement extension, mismanagement of sewage and garbage, lack of drinking water and electricity, then the process of urbanisation is unplanned. So, unplanned urbanisation means to develop town or area without planning infrastructure which is unhygienic and unhealthy for the settlement.

 

Effects of unplanned urbanisation :

Some of the alarming effects of unorganised urbanisation on environment are as follows: -

 

  1. Lack of facility :In the planned urban area, facilities for drinking water, health service, transport, electricity, communication, employment are available. However, in the unplanned urban area, various essential facilities will be inadequate to healthy life.
  2. Unhealthy settlement :Healthy settlement is one which is neat and clean. Open space, greenery, proper drainage system, safe drinking water, etc. make the residence pleasant. The residence area becomes unhealthy if the urbanisation is growing in an unplanned way and a lot of people migrate there for facilities. Unplanned urbanisation results in an unhealthy residence area.
  3. Unequal distribution of population :Facilities, means and resources are not adequate in unplanned urbanisation. The population pressure is high there. The limited space is much crowded. Consequently, population pressure in some places in the world is very high while it is very low in some places. The unequal distribution of population disturbs the balance of the environment.
  4. Social disorder :High population pressure is found in unplanned urban areas. Employment, health facility, transport, communication, etc. cannot be provided properly. Consequently, the struggle of people for limited means and resources creates social disorder like dispute, theft, lack of discipline, etc. increases in the society.
  5. Degradation in the environment :Resources like land, water, forest, etc. are excessively used while growing an unplanned city. People try to meet their requirements in whatever the way they can. Garbage increases due to dense and unplanned settlement. The environment is polluted. Due to air, land and water pollution, decline in the qualitative aspect of the environment can be seen
  6. Adverse effect on health :Because of unplanned urbanisation, random settlement increases. The drainage system, drinking water, road traffic, etc. are poorly managed. People are compelled to live on limited means of surviving. The health of the people can be impaired with suffered life.

 

Mitigating measures

The suitable measure to control the effects of unorganised urbanisation is simply the urbanisation after proper planning. Besides, the following means can be applied to solve the unplanned urbanisation: -

  1. Development of rural areas :Basic facilities like drinking water, electricity, health services, communication, education, etc. should be provided in the rural area. When the people get these facilities in their village, they will not be attracted to the cities. The development of the rural area can help to control the extension of unplanned urbanisation.
  2. Employment opportunities in rural areas :Trade, industry, construction work provide employment opportunities. These job providing and income-generating programmes should be conducted in the rural areas so that the villagers will get employment and will not migrate to urban areas.
  3. Balanced development :Development policy should be formulated considering the geographical situation of the country. A strategy should be adopted to start development activities proportionately in all areas. It will bring balance in the use of natural resources. It increases people’s participation in development activities in every region. These efforts will assist to mitigate adverse effects of unplanned urbanisation.
  4. Development of semi-urban areas :Development of a semi-urban area helps to check unplanned urbanisation. It is wise to set up middle-class towns according to the geographical situation in rural areas. Employment and labour-oriented programmes focusing youths should be conducted. The change of such places into town will control the migration and the growth of unplanned urbanisation.

Lesson

Population, Environment and Development

Subject

EPH

Grade

Grade 10

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