Importance of Biodiversity

The biodiversity of Nepal is threatened due to the rise of adverse effects of socio-economic status, ecological degradation and political instability. This note has information on an importance of biodiversity.

Summary

The biodiversity of Nepal is threatened due to the rise of adverse effects of socio-economic status, ecological degradation and political instability. This note has information on an importance of biodiversity.

Things to Remember

  • Biodiversity is important for agricultural development.
  • Vegetation provides yams, vegetables and fruits for us.
  • Animals and plants are used for breeding to produce their new varieties.
  • The biodiversity of Nepal is threatened due to the rise of adverse effects of socio-economic status, ecological degradation and political instability.
  • As jewellery is the ornament of people, likewise animals and birds are the ornaments of nature.

MCQs

No MCQs found.

Subjective Questions

Q1:

The allowances on the basis of a number of dependent family members for a person earning Rs. 165000 annually is Rs. 120500. If the rate of tax on the rest is 30% find the amount paid as income tax.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Tax free income = Rs.120 , 500<br>Annual income = Rs.165 , 000<br>Taxable income = Rs . 165 , 000 - Rs. 120 , 500 = Rs. 44 , 500<br>Rate of income tax = 30%<br><br>Actual income</p>

Q2:

A person working in a foreign agency pays 30% upto Rs. 146000 and 40% from Rs. 146001 to Rs. 172000 as income tax. Find the tax paid the person if his annual salary is Rs.189500 and the allowance are Rs. 34500.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Annual income = Rs. 1 , 89 , 500<br>tax free amount = Rs. 34 , 500<br>Taxable amount = Rs. 1 ,89 500 - Rs. 34 , 500 = Rs. 1 , 55 , 000<br>Here , 30% income tax should be paid up to Rs. 1 , 46 , 000<br>Initial income tax = Rs . 1 , 46 , 000 \(\times\) \(\frac{30}{100}\) = Rs. 43 , 800<br>Taxable Income on which 40% tax is levied = Rs. 1 , 55 , 000 - Rs. 1, 46 , 000<br> = Rs . 9000<br><br>Again , income tax of Rs. 9000 = RS. 9000 \(\times\) \(\frac{40}{100}\) = Rs. 3 , 600<br><br>Total income tax = Rs. 43 , 800 + Rs. 3 , 600 = Rs. 47 , 400 Ans. </p>

Q3:

Find the rate of income tax if person pays Rs.14280 on his income of Rs. 82000 and the allowances of Rs.31000.


Type: Short Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Annual income = Rs. 82 , 000<br>Tax free amount = Rs. 31 ,000<br>Taxable amount = Rs. 82 , 000 - Rs. 31 , 000 = Rs. 51 , 000<br>Total income tax paid = Rs. 14 , 820<br>Rate of income tax = \(\frac{rs.14 , 820}{rs.51 , 000}\) \(\times\) 100 = 28%. Ans.</p>

Q4:

Find the tax to be paid by a person or a company using the table  below :

Annual taxable Income Tax Rate
1 - 10000 2.5%
10 , 000 - 30 , 0000 4%
30 , 000 - 1 , 00 , 000 5.25%
1 , 00 , 000 - 10 lakhs 12.75%

(i) Annual income = Rs. 55000 , allowances = Rs . 47 , 000
(ii) Annual income = Rs. 1 , 75 , 000 , allowances = Rs. 65 , 000
(iii) , Annual income = Rs. 9 , 40 , 800 , allowances = Rs. 5 , 50 , 000


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Annual income = Rs. 55000<br>Tax free income = Rs, 47 , 000<br>TAxable income = Rs . 55000 - Rs . 47 , 000 = Rs. 8000<br>From table table 2.5% tax is paid up to 1 - 10000<br>Hence , income tax of Rs. 8000 = Rs . 8000 \(\times\) \(\frac{2.5}{100}\) = Rs. 200<br><br>(ii). Annual income = Rs. 1 ,75 ,000<br>Taxfree income = Rs. 65 , 000<br>Taxable income = Rs. (1 , 75 000 - 65 , 000) = Rs . 1 , 10 , 000<br>Now , total income tax <br>= Rs. 10000 \(\times\) \(\frac{2.5}{100}\) + Rs. \(\times\) Rs. 20 , 000 \(\times\) \(\frac{4}{100}\) + Rs. 70 , 000 \(\times\) \(\frac{5.25}{100}\ + Rs. 10000 \(\frac{12.75}{100}\)<br>= Rs. 250 + Rs. 800 + 3 , 675 + Rs. 1 , 275 = Rs . 6000<br><br>(iii) Total income = Rs. 9 ,40 , 800<br>Tax free income = Rs. 5 , 50 ,000<br>Taxable income = Rs. 9 , 40 , 800 - Rs. 5, 50 , 000 = Rs. 3 , 90 , 8000<br><br>As in the above (ii) 2.5% is levied on Rs. 10 , 000 , 4% tax is levied on next Rs.20 , 000 and 5.25% is levied on the next Rs. 70 , 000<br><br>Now , remaining amount on taxable income of Rs. 3, 90 , 800 - (Rs. 10 , 000 + Rs. 20 , 000 + Rs. 70 , 000) = Rs. 2 , 90 , 800 , 12.75% tax is levied. <br><br>Now ,total income tax <br>= 250 + 800 + 3 , 675 + 37 , 077 = Rs. 41 , 802 Ans.</p>

Q5:

By selling a plot of land Rs. 2700000 an agent receives a comission of \(\frac{1}{2}\)% on the first 10 lakhs \(\frac{1}{4}\)% on the rest , how much amount will the landowner receive ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Selling price of land = Rs. 2 ,70 , 000<br>Comission received on the sale of Rs. 10 ,00 ,000 at the rate of \(\frac{1}{2}\)%<br>= Rs. 10 , 00 , 000 \(\\times\) \(\frac{1}{2 \times 100}\) = Rs. 5000. <br><br>Again , rest amount = (27 , 00 , 000) - 10 , 00 , 000) = Rs. 17 , 00 , 000<br><br>Now , comission received on the sale of Rs. 17 , 00 , 000 at the rate of \(\frac{1}{4}\)%<br>= Rs. 17 , 00 , 000 \(\times\) \(\frac{1}{4 \times 100}\) = Rs. 4250. <br><br>Here , total comission recived by the agent = Rs. 5 , 000 + Rs. 4250<br> = Rs. 9250<br><br>Total amount received by landowner = Rs. 27 , 00 , 000 - RS. 9250<br>= Rs. 26 , 90 , 750 Ans.</p>

Q6:

A finacial company distributes 25% of the profit as bonus to its employee and each received Rs. 8000 as bonus . If the number  of employee in that company were 60 , what was tht total profit of the company ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Distributed profit as bonus for 60 workers = 60 \(\times\) Rs. 8000 = Rs. 480000<br>Let te profit of the company = x<br>By question , <br>x \(\times\) \(\frac{25}{100}\) = Rs. 480000<br><br>\(\therefore\) x = \(\frac{Rs.480000 \times100}{25}\) = Rs. 1,92,000 Ans.</p>

Q7:

Because of the increase in the number of tourists a hotel made a profit of Rs. 2500000. If certain percentage of the was distributed among 75 workers of the hotel as bonus at the rate of Rs. 15000 per wokers , at what rate was the bonus distributed  ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>ljTotal profit of hotel = Rs. 2500000<br>Total amount which is distributed for 75 workers = 75 \(\times\) Rs. 15000<br> = Rs. 11 , 25 , 000<br><br>\(\therefore\) Distributed bonus (%) = \(\frac{11,25,000}{25,00,000}\) \(\times\) 100% = 45%. Ans.</p>

Q8:

A commercial  bank  distributed  one  third of it's employee as the bonus . If the bank has distributed rs. 12000 to each of 140 employees, what was the total profit made by the bank ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Total profit of bank = Rs. x (suppose)<br>Total amount which is distributed for 140 employees = 140 \(\times\) Rs. 12000<br> = Rs. 1 , 68 , 0000<br><br>By question ,<br>\(\frac{1}{3}\) \(\times\) x = Rs. 1 , 68 , 000<br>or , x= Rs. 168000 \(\times\) 3 = Rs. 5 , 04 , 0000 Ans.</p>

Q9:

What is the actual price of the first class ticket of a cultual  program if it costs Rs. 98 including the entertainment tax 22.25% ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Cost of ticket with entertainment tax = Rs.98<br>Let actual cost of Ticket= Rs. x<br>Now , Entertainment tax = 22.5% of x = x \(\times) \(\frac{22.5}{100}\) = 0.225<br><br>Here, x + 0.225x = Rs.98<br>or , x (1+0.225) = Rs.98<br>or. x(1.225) = Rs.98<br><br>\(\therefore\) x = Rs. \(\frac{98}{122.5}\) = Rs. 80<br><br>Hence , actual cost of ticket = Rs.80 Ans.</p>

Q10:

If in a restaurant' bill 10% service charge and 4% government tax is added, the statement of the bill is as below:

momo per plate Rs.40
meatball one plate Rs.75
Coke two bottles Rs.35
Chicken Chilly one plate Rs.80
Total Rs.230

Find :
(i). the total service charge.
(ii). the government tax.
(iii). the total payable amount
(iv). if a total of Rs. 260.25 was paid including the 10% service charge. what was the government tax in percentage. ?


Type: Long Difficulty: Easy

Show/Hide Answer
Answer: <p>Service charge = 10% of rS.230 = 230 \(\times\) \(\frac{10}{100}\) = Rs. 23 Ans. <br><br>(ii) . Total bill with service charge = 230 + 23 = Rs. 253.<br>\(\therefore\) Government tax = 4% of 253 \(\times\) \(\frac{4}{100}\) = Rs. 10.12 Ans. <br><br>(iii). Total oayable amount = Rs. 230 + Rs. 10.12 + Rs. 23<br>= Rs. 263.12 Ans.<br><br>(iv) . Bill with the service charge on which government tax should be levied = Rs. 253. <br>Total payable bill with 10% service charge and including government tax = Rs. 260.25<br><br>\(\therefore\) Amount of goverrnment TAx = Rs. 260.25 - Rs. 253 = Rs.7.25<br><br>Here , government tax (%) = \(\frac{Amount. of gov. tax}{govt. taxable bill}\) \(\times\) 100<br>= \(\frac{7.25}{253}\) \(\times\) 100<br>= 2.865%<br>= 2.87% (approx) Ans.</p>

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Importance of Biodiversity

Importance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity is very important for us. Human development and biodiversity are closely related. It is related to the housing, food, life -style, social activities and economic aspect of the people. Biodiversity is the source of the things that people require.

The importance of biodiversity are given below:

  1. Agricultural products

    Biodiversity is important for agricultural development. With the innovations in biodiversity, many crops and animals have been rescued with the genetic material from the wild relatives or the traditional varieties. The varieties of rice crops are saved from the destruction by wild varieties in India and the Philippines.

  2. Animal products

    Another importance of biodiversity is the availability of necessary animal products like milk, meat, curd, ghee, etc. Some animals like horse, camel and yak are used for transport. Bone, hair, skin, wool of animals and birds are the raw materials for several industries. Materials of daily use and decoration are also manufactured from them. They are also the sources of raw materials for medicine. The goods can be produced in abundance to earn money.

  3. Vegetative products

    Vegetation provides yams, vegetables and fruits for us. Plants are also the sources of saw mills (timber factory), medicinal herbs, clothes and papers. Due to biodiversity, we have got various useful goods from plants.

  4. Improvement in breeds

    Animals and plants are used for breeding to produce their new varieties. It can be possible only by improving their quality and production. Wild animals, birds, forest materials, crops and other living beings can be used for breeding. This breeding will help to improve the quality of the establishment of domesticates that can be crossed to generate new varieties. The new varieties are hybrids that produce the high yield of quantity.

  5. Soil conservation

    The biodiversity of Nepal is threatened due to the rise of adverse effects of socio-economic status, ecological degradation and political instability. Clearing of forests for agricultural purposes and other natural calamities are the major causes of destruction. Flood, landslides and soil erosion deteriorate the quality of land. Plants and vegetation contribute to conserve the soil and keep the natural resources in balance.

  6. Watershed conservation

    The plants and vegetation helps to act land as the catchment for water. Plants help to absorb water and remain it in the soil. It contributes to speed down the evaporation process. There is a close relationship among the biodiversity, watershed and water resource. The deforestation affects the water sources. The watershed is vital for nature, natural resources and biodiversity.

  7. Natural beauty

    Biodiversity is valued in its beauty in a habitat of species. Each species and ecosystem make life on the earth beautiful and pleasant. As jewellery is the ornament of people, likewise animals and birds are the ornaments of nature. The forest with the habitat of animals and birds, their variety of sound, reaction, way of living, etc. enhance the natural beauty. People get pleasures from these natural beauties. There are plenty of such beautiful spots in the mountain, hill and the Terai regions.

  8. Development of tourism

    Bio-diversified geographical features of the Himalayas, the Hills and the Terai of Nepal display a unique natural environment. The natural beauty of each and every place of Nepal has been an important element for tourism. People from all over the world love to visit and see these places.

  9. Economic development

    The significance of biodiversity extends up to the production of high yielding varieties of plants and animals. The production of these varieties will help to revive and breed local species with immunity against diseases. Thus, major sources of food, herbs and raw materials will also be produced for industries and other economic development purposes.

  10. Environmental balance

    Different species exist in their own habitat. A particular habitat has its own surroundings. Many species in a habitat depend on each other in intricate ways for survival. If one species is destroyed, it may have adverse effects on other species in the surroundings, because one life formed bits of help for other life forms to live in that environment.

  11. Functioning of natural ecosystem

    The physical and biological aspects are the component of the ecosystem. Biodiversity is the main part that comes under the biological aspect. It contributes to the natural function of the ecosystem. The regulations of the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and other gases are based on plants and animals. This process helps to balance the atmosphere, atmospheric temperature, holding fertility of soil, etc.

  12. Study and research

    The biodiversity is the major field of study and research for natural, biological and social science. Various studies can be carried out in the areas of biodiversity. The studies help to promote the development of human beings, animals and plants, social and economic development and so on. It provides and develops the base for further study of the living beings.

Lesson

Biodiversity

Subject

EPH

Grade

Grade 10

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